Abstract

Vascular access is critical in managing the perioperative patient. In critical situations, establishing adequate vascular access is often difficult, invasive, and carries significant risks. Ultrasound is an invaluable tool in facilitating efficient and safe vascular access. Ultrasound helps to verify the presence, position and potency of the target vessel prior to the needle puncture and provides real time imaging of the needle throughout the vasculature (puncture process. The following chapter reviews the basics of ultrasound physics and machine knobology for optimizing image acquisition. The specifications of establishing central access – internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, axillary vein, and femoral vein; as well as obtaining arterial access are discussed in detail. Sources that are useful to continue one’s education are also included.