Abstract
SHS investigation development is considered from the geographical and historical viewpoint. 3 stages are described. Within Stage 1 the work was carried out in the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics in Chernogolovka where the scientific discovery had been made. At Stage 2 the interest to SHS arose in different cities and towns of the former USSR. Within Stage 3 SHS entered the international scene. Now SHS processes and products are being studied in more than 50 countries.
Abstract
This chapter deals with some of the most fascinating topics in fluorescence microscopy and optics, in general: non-linear optics. All the optical phenomena explained in the previous chapters, with some particular exceptions, have dealt with linear optics; this means that a single photon is involved in the optical process during and after being absorbed. However, it is possible to have a multiphoton optical response, one that depends on more than one photon interacting with the system “at the same time”. This leads to a whole new range of optical phenomena; many of them unobservable at the relatively low light intensities with characteristic of linear optics. Some of the non-linear optical phenomena provide very interesting and useful applications in fluorescence microscopy. In this chapter, we will introduce and explain the main non-linear optical processes employed in fluorescence microscopy, enumerate their advantages and drawbacks, and highlight their importance in the life sciences.
Keywords:
Biphotonic microscopy, Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), Excited state absorption, Harmonic microscopy, Lanthanide upconversion, Multiphoton microscopy, Non-linear optics, Photon upconversion (UC), Raman microscopy, Second harmonic generation, Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), Third harmonic generation, Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, Triplet state, Virtual state.
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Authors:Bentham Science Books