Abstract

Three-dimensional scaffolds are known to directly influence proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into bone tissue due to their properties such as stiffness and topography. While conventional methods for chemical induction of differentiation processes are based on incorporation of growth factors and/or cytokines via blending or adhesion onto the scaffold surfaces, novel approaches use template-mediated biomineralization to mimic the stimuli stem cells receive in their natural niche. This chapter summarizes recent progresses in guided bone tissue engineering with particular focus on design and functionality of three dimensional scaffolds, chemical templates and promising approaches for the corresponding cellbased approaches for future therapies.