Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent brain tumor. Despite recent advances in treatment approaches the prognosis remains poor, with a median overall survival of 14.6 months. Immunotherapy is the subject of ongoing research and its benefit is becoming evident in other malignancies. Immune check-points such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor (PD-1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) reduce immune response.

Objective: To clarify the role of immune check point inhibitors in GBM management.

Methods: Preclinical and clinical trials of immune check-point inhibitors in GBM were obtained by searching for English peer-reviewed articles on PubMed databases, trials registered on clincaltrials. gov and abstracts recently presented at international congresses.

Results: Immune check point inhibitors may be of critical importance for the design of future immunotherapy approaches in GBM management.

Conclusion: Immune check-point inhibitors should be considered a promising treatment option in GBM.

Keywords: Immunotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme, check-point, radiotherapy, PD-1, CTLA-4, ipilimumab, immune system.

Graphical Abstract