Abstract

The increase in multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the decline in the number of new antibiotics in the production pipeline pose a serious threat to our ability to treat infectious diseases. In this new landscape, once treatable diseases are now potentially life-threatening. This impending danger requires that urgent attention should be given to developing alternative strategies for combating MDR bacteria. A novel alternative is the use of predatory bacteria, B. bacteriovorusspp, that naturally prey on Gram-negative bacteria, including MDR Enterobacteriaceae. B. bacteriovorus has been shown to be nonpathogenic in animal models and on human cell lines, supporting its feasibility to be used to treat infections in animals and possibly humans. This document reviews various aspects of B. bacteriovorus biology, including its unique life cycle, "predatory toolbox", prey range, and recent research advances exploring B. bacteriovorusas an antimicrobial agent, stepping towards its use in human therapy. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of using B. bacteriovorus therapy and the strategies to overcome these limitations.