Abstract
Lycopene, a potential bioactive agent, is a non-pro-vitamin A carotenoid recognized as a
potent antioxidant. It is extracted from plants like tomatoes, watermelons, red carrots and papayas and
has remarkable health benefits. A significant amount of research has been assisted to date to establish
the anticancer activity of lycopene. Our review enhances information about the promising anticancer
potential of this compound. The biological activity of lycopene has been described in several studies in
regard to pancreatic, breast, prostate, liver, gastric, ovarian, kidney, skin, intestine, brain and spinal
cord cancers. Lycopene resists cancer by inhibition of apoptosis, induction of cell proliferation, cell
invasion, cell cycle development, metastasis and angiogenesis. The mechanisms of anticancer action of
lycopene are attributed to the management of certain signal transduction pathways, such as modulation
of insulin-like growth factors system, PI3K/Akt pathway, modification of important gene expression,
inhibit the activity of sex steroid hormones, and the conversation of mitochondrial behavior. Hence,
this review focuses on current knowledge of sources, extraction techniques, and chemistry of lycopene,
as well as the prospective mechanisms of action related with its anticancer activity. Also, it summarizes
the background information about lycopene and the most current research with consideration to its
aspect in treating several types of cancer together with future directions.
Keywords:
Lycopene, cancer treatment, carotenoids, anticancer agent, extraction, antioxidant.
Graphical Abstract
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