Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Many individuals continue to have seizures despite medical and surgical treatments, suggesting that the discovery of novel anti-seizure drugs is vital. Triazole compounds are widely used as pharmaceuticals and have gained significant interest in medicinal chemistry. In this article, the development of triazoles, especially 1,2,4- triazole, in the field of anti-seizure therapeutics is reviewed.

Methods: The relevant literature was investigated, classified, and analysed. This article attempts to systematically review the research of triazole derivatives in the design and development of anti-seizure agents during the past two decades through extensive literature research, which was based on the information accessible in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and other databases.

Results: Research results demonstrate that triazoles occupy a distinct niche in heterocyclic chemistry and represent a key motif in medicinal chemistry because of their ability to exhibit an array of properties and bioactivities. Therefore, 1,2,4-triazole appears to be an important pharmacophore, especially in the field of anti-seizure therapeutics, where its promising potential value has been explored.

Conclusion: This review presents a summary of the research related to 1,2,4-triazole, which acts as a potential anti-seizure pharmacophore that could be further developed. Compounds with 1,2,4-triazole or related structures had previously shown reasonable anti-seizure activity and safety. After thorough research of this structure, it is believed that 1,2,4-triazole-containing compounds will be further developed as anti-seizure drugs for clinical use.

Keywords: Triazoles, anti-seizure, heterocycles, maximal electroshock test (MES), pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), protective index (PI).