Water saving is an important aspect civil engineering and building design around the world. Alternative water sources as well as water saving appliances have been studied by many researchers in order to maximize water savings in buildings and promote building design that favours water savings. This volume explores topics related to water savings: rainwater tank sizing and modelling, wastewater treatment and reuse, relationships between user behaviour and water savings, health issues related to water savings and environmental analysis of rainwater and grey water use in buildings. Water Savings in Buildings is a handy resource for researchers, post-graduate students, undergraduate students and engineers working in water utilities, environment agencies and associated industries interested in understanding the basics of implementing systems to achieve water savings in buildings.

<i>Numerical Methods and Implementation in Geotechnical Engineering</i> explains several numerical methods that are used in geotechnical engineering. The first part of this reference set includes methods such as the finite element method, distinct element method, discontinuous deformation analysis, numerical manifold method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, material point method, plasticity method, limit equilibrium and limit analysis, plasticity, slope stability and foundation engineering, optimization analysis and reliability analysis. The authors have also presented different computer programs associated with the materials in this book which will be useful to students learning how to apply the models explained in the text into practical situations when designing structures in locations with specific soil and rock settings. <p></p> This reference book set is a suitable textbook primer for civil engineering students as it provides a basic introduction to different numerical methods (classical and modern) in comprehensive readable volumes.

Numerical Methods and Implementation in Geotechnical Engineering explains several numerical methods that are used in geotechnical engineering. The second part of this reference set includes more information on the distinct element method, geotechnical optimization analysis and reliability analysis. Information about relevant additional numerical methods is also provided in each chapter with problems where applicable. The authors have also presented different computer programs associated with the materials in this book set which will be useful to students learning how to apply the models explained in the text into practical situations when designing structures in locations with specific soil and rock settings. <p></p> This reference book set is a suitable textbook primer for civil engineering students as it provides a basic introduction to different numerical methods (classical and modern) in comprehensive readable volumes.

Systematic Architectural Design for Optimal Wind Energy Generation is a handy reference on the aerodynamic architectural forms in buildings for optimizing wind energy conversion processes. Chapters of the book cover the basics of wind energy generation and building design that make them more conducive for generating wind power, and in line with sustainable energy design goals. </p> Key Features: </p> - 7 chapters organized in a simple, reader-friendly layout </p> - A learning approach to the subject that highlights key concepts in architectural science and wind energy physics </p> - Introduces readers to the application of computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools to visualize and simulate architectural forms under wind actions </p> - An objective focus on architectural forms is presented, including the role of the form in optimizing wind energy conversion and the negative effects of wind on certain forms </p> - Covers the building and positioning of different types of wind turbines </p> - References for further reading </p> Systematic Architectural Design for Optimal Wind Energy Generation is an essential reference for students of architecture at all levels, professional architects, as well as readers interested in green building design, renewable energy, and sustainability studies that pave the way towards proactive environment-friendly solutions.

Occupant behaviour in buildings is a point of interest for building designers around the world. Functional buildings have a significant energy demand; therefore, improving the thermal and energy performance of such buildings requires knowledge about the variables that influence them. However, to increase the potential for improving thermal and energy performance of buildings, studies must also consider the occupant’s interactions with the built environment. The occupant behaviour influences the conditions of the internal environment through the occupation of indoor building spaces and through the interaction with building elements, such as air-conditioning, lighting, blinds and windows. Occupant Behaviour in Buildings: Advances and Challenges brings together reviews of these influential aspects, presenting updates on advances and questions that pose challenges in our current understanding of behavioural modeling and its application to building design. Special topics covered in the book include methods to survey occupant behavior, building design choices, occupant behaviour impact on a building's thermal and energy efficiency, and,finally, a simulation of occupants in a building. </P> Key Features </P> - Presents up-to-date information on occupant behaviour in buildings </P> - Eight chapters, written by renowned researchers, provide readers with useful insights on the subject </P> - Includes a case study of buildings in Brazil </P> - Structured reader-friendly content </P> - References for further reading </P> This reference is an informative resource for students and professionals in architecture, civil engineering, building information design, and urban planning. Readers interested in social and behavioural sciences will also gain insights on research methods that are helpful in investigating human behavior in urban dwellings.

This book focuses on cases and studies of interest to mechanical engineers and industrial technicians. The considered applications in this volume are widely used in several industrial fields particularly in the automotive and aviation industries. Readers will understand the theory and techniques which are used in each application covered in each chapter. <p> The book contents include the following topics: <p> Numerical analysis of hydrokinetic turbines <p> Computational fluid dynamics of a CuO based nanofluid in mini-channel cross-sections <p> Orthodontic biomechanics of a NiTi arch wires <p> Reynold’s number effects on fluid flow through Savonius rotors <p> Effect of operating parameters on Zn-Mn alloys deposited from additive-free chloride bath <p> Optical properties and stability of a blue-emitting phosphor (Sr2P2O7:Eu2+) Under UV and VUV excitation <p> Numerical study of the influence of nanofluid type on thermal improvement in a three dimensional mini channel <p> Electrochemical studies and characterization of Zn-Mn coatings deposited in the presence of novel organic additives <p> Prediction of fire and smoke propagation under a range of external conditions <p> Structural design of a 10 kW H-Darrieus wind turbine <p> The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide the readers, such as graduate students, PhD candidates and professionals with basic and applied information broadly related to mechanical engineering and technology.

This book focuses on cases and studies of interest to mechanical engineers and industrial technicians. The considered applications in this volume are widely used in several industrial fields particularly in the automotive and aviation industries. Readers will understand the theory and techniques which are used in each application covered in each chapter. Volume 2 includes the following topics: Numerical investigation of turbulent slot jets with various nanoparticle shapes Experimental study on a sweeping gas membrane distillation unit Development of design processes for multi-spindle drilling using a neural network and expert systems Experimental investigation of a new hybrid solar collector (PV/t) system Theoretical study of the effects of combustion duration on engine performance Effects of preheating temperature and fuel-air equivalence ratio on pollution control in hydrocarbon combustion Numerical study of natural convection between two concentric ellipses with different shapes and imposed temperatures Theoretical study of the geometrical parameters effect on the behavior of a solar chimney power plant Numerical investigations of the effect of packed bed porosity on the flow behavior Comparison between a conventional and a four-stage Savonius wind rotor The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide readers with basic and applied information broadly related to mechanical engineering and technology.

This book focuses on cases and studies of interest to mechanical engineers and industrial technicians. The considered applications in this volume are widely used in several industrial fields particularly in the automotive and aviation industries. Readers will understand the theory and techniques which are used in each application covered in each chapter. Volume 3 includes the following topics: Numerical simulations of three-dimensional laminar mixed convection heat transfer of water-based-Al2O3 nanofluid in an open cubic cavity with a heated block. Nonlinear formulations of Element-Free Galerkin Method (EFGM) for large deformation analysis of Ogden&rsquo;s hyperelastic materials, emphasizing incompressibility and mesh distortion avoidance. Development of a 3D numerical model with LS-DYNA using a coupled SPH-FEM method to simulate hydraulic behavior of a Ski-Jump Spillway with dentates, showcasing precision through validation. Exploration of enhancing the inlet system of an LPG-H2 fueled engine using a static inclined blade turbine, analyzed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Effective utilization of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in heat transfer applications, addressing issues like fouling in heat exchangers, showcasing their accuracy compared to experimental data. Investigation of the impact of nitrogen concentration on the structure and properties of ZrN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering, evaluating variations in structural and mechanical properties. Forced convection in a horizontal cylindrical pipe with pseudoplastic fluid, considering uniform constant heat flux and uniform temperature as boundary conditions. Modeling and experimental study of a water solar collector coupled to an optimized solar still, aiming to enhance freshwater production in a solar distillation system under specific climatic conditions. Exploration of the effect of film thickness on the structure and properties of Ti-N films deposited by magnetron sputtering, utilizing theoretical and experimental analysis to confirm the rock salt TiN structure. The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide readers with basic and applied information broadly related to mechanical engineering and technology.

Voltammetry for Sensing Applications familiarizes readers with recent advancements in the field of electrochemical analysis. The book features 16 chapters which cover many applications of voltammetric analysis such as drug testing and analysis, sensors for point-of-care devices, sensors for diverse analysis, advanced energy storage devices, clinical sample analysis, sensors for the detection of heavy metals, nanomaterials, disease detection, immune sensors, food sample analysis, and anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug detection. Many of the current methods of voltammetry offer increased stability, repeatability, high performance, cost-effectiveness, time-saving, sensitivity, and the chapters also cover appropriate applications for the sensing tools and methodologies which are imperative in electrochemical, environment, biological, medicinal, and food safety analysis. This informative reference serves as a timely and comprehensive update on voltammetry and sensing materials for chemistry scholars and industrial chemists alike.

This ebook is a collection of cutting edge articles from the 2009 Workshop on Microcavities and their Applications (WOMA 2009). It gives readers an overview of state-of-the-art opto electronic research on nano and micro cavities presented by leading experts in the field. Two major themes covered in this ebook are (i) wave- and ray-chaos in open microcavity systems and (ii) opto-electronic applications in nano and micro cavities. The book concludes with a description of recent advances in 2D whispering-gallery-mode microresonators. This ebook should be a very useful reference for any serious opto-electronics researcher.