Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a book series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) and other nerve disorders. The scope of the book series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, molecular biology and biochemistry of contemporary molecular targets involved in neurological and CNS disorders. Reviews presented in the series are mainly focused on clinical and therapeutic aspects of novel drugs intended for these targets. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - CNS and Neurological Disorders is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in neurology and allied disciplines. The twelfth volume of this series features these reviews: Chapter 1: Recent Drugs Tested in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases Treatment: Current Approaches in Tracking New Drugs Chapter 2: Neurobiology of Placebo: Interpreting Its Evolutionary Origin, Meaning, Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Implications in Therapeutics Chapter 3: Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuroinflammation and Neurological Disorders Chapter 4: The Role of Age in Pediatric Tumors of the Central Nervous System Chapter 5: Drug Repurposing in CNS and Clinical Trials: Recent Achievements and Perspectives Focusing on Epilepsy and Related Comorbidities Chapter 6: Progress on the Development of Oxime Derivatives as a Potential Antidote for Organophosphorus Poisoning .

<p></p> Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia is a book series which presents comprehensive reviews about research on Dementia, - the loss of brain function associated with Alzheimer’s disease and other related medical conditions. The disease affects the parts of the brain that deal with memory, thought, and language. Chapters in each volume focus on drug research with special emphasis on clinical trials, research on drugs in advanced stages of development and cure for dementia and related disorders. <p></p> This volume includes the following reviews: <p></p> - Meeting the Challenges of Falls and Hip Fractures in People with Alzheimer’s Disease <p></p> - Cholesterol in Brain Health and Pathologies <p></p> - Advances in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Dementia <p></p> - Analytical Methods in Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Discovery <p></p> - Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease through Nanomedicine <p></p> - Current Challenges in Alzheimer’s Disease Research <p></p> - Metals Linked to Alzheimer's Disease <p></p>

Among neurodegenerative diseases, those that lead to a state of dementia are the aim of several investigations. Dementia is a chronic disease the prevalence of which is increasing worldwide. The number of dementia patients in the world is approximately 50 million, and it is estimated that the number of patients will reach 131.5 million by 2050. This increase will be accompanied by a significant increase in medical expenditures and other expenses, especially for elderly patients. Therefore, the maintenance cost of dementia in the future is expected to be quite high. For this reason, several investigations aim, firstly, to describe the key mechanisms involved in the origin of dementia and, secondly, to establish preventive and therapeutic strategies in order to understand and mitigate this debilitating pathology. &lt;p&gt; This volume of Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Dementia explores the current comorbidities that cause cognitive impairment and the current management alternatives for clinical cases of dementia. The reviews contributed in these volume will provide readers with a current perspective on the subject. The topics covered in this volume include: &lt;p&gt; - Comorbidities inducing mild cognitive impairment - an evaluation of the risk caused by some pathological conditions &lt;p&gt; - Tau-targeted therapy in Alzheimer's disease - history and current state &lt;p&gt; - Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease &lt;p&gt; - Implication of dehydroepiandrosterone on dementia related to oxidative stress &lt;p&gt; - Polyphenol compounds as potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease &lt;p&gt; The volume is a timely update on dementia treatment for clinical physicians, neurologists, gerontologists, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry researchers, and physiologists.

This e-book is a reference on Selegiline/(-)-Deprenyl effects on the brain. Selegiline, described in thousands of research papers, is registered in over 60 countries. At present, more than one hundred preparations containing selegiline circulate in the global market under different brand names. They are widely used in the treatment of Parkinson&rsquo;s disease, Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease, major depression and as a geroptotective / anti-aging drug. (-)-Deprenyl/selegiline, the first selective inhibitor of B-type MAO which, in contrast to the known MAO inhibitors, did not potentiate the effect of tyramine but inhibited it. The compound could be combined with levodopa in Parkinson&rsquo;s disease without signs of hypertensive reactions. The DATATOP study in the USA revealed that (-)-deprenyl delayed the onset of disability associated with early, otherwise untreated Parkinson&rsquo;s disease. The age-related decay of the supply of the brain with phenylethylamine ( PEA), due to the progressive increase of MAO-B activity in the aging brain, and dopamine, due to the better than average decline of the dopaminergic neuronal activity during the postdevelopmental phase of life, are irresistible biochemical lesions of aging. The speed of deterioration of behavioral performances with the passing of time and longevity depends significantly on the pace of the worsening of these leasions. (-)-Deprenyl, Increasing the supply of the brain with PEA and dopamine, counteracts this aging process. Maintenance of male rats from sexual maturity until death on (-)-deprenyl delays the age-related loss of the capacity to ejaculate, slows the age-related decline of learning ability and prolongs life. In humans, maintenance from sexual maturity on (-)-deprenyl (1 mg daily) is, for the time being, the most promising prophylactic treatment to fight against the age-related decay of behavioral performances, prolonging life, and preventing or delaying the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson&rsquo;s and Alzheimer&rsquo;s. This e-book is a useful reference for graduate medical students, academic researchers in the field of neuropsychopharmacology, neurophysiology and gerontology and professional research groups in commercial organizations manufacturing selegiline preparations.

Language is the most versatile and fascinating of all human cognitive functions, constituting a field of interest in very different areas, from Linguistics to Speech Therapy, from Philosophy to Computational Sciences, including Psychology, Neurology, Biology, and Social Sciences. The scope of this E-book is to provide the reader with an update on topics relevant to neurolinguistics such as new cognitive models of comprehension and production of normal language, new perspectives on the understanding of aphasic symptoms and the interface between language and other cognitive functions &amp;amp;ndash; functional neuroimaging and language. This E-book will be of interest both for teachers and researchers in Neurosciences and Linguistics as well as for professionals who treat patients with disorders of language and communication, such as Neurologists, Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Neuropsychologists, Speech Therapists, and Occupational Therapists, among many others.

Since the last century, remarkable advances at both the basic and clinical levels have considerably improved our ability to evaluate and treat children with neurological disorders. Many cases seen by general pediatricians are primarily neurological accounting for up to 30% of all consultations to pediatrics with a high ratio of follow-up visits to new patients of about 3:1. This manual is a neurology reference for medical students and pediatric residents and is intended to supplement larger textbooks on pediatric neurology already available. Many of undergraduate medical students refer to deficient and oversimplified references that do not enable them to deal with pediatric neurology patients adequately. The manual presents a simplified, organized, and comprehensive problem based approach to common pediatric neurological disorders directed to the level of medical students, pediatric residents, general practitioners and general pediatricians. This e-book is thus a concise outline with practical tips to facilitate proper diagnosis and management of various neurological disorders.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a complex heterogeneous group of diseases associated with site-specific premature and slow death of certain neuronal populations in brain and spinal cord tissues. For example, in Alzheimer disease, neuronal degeneration occurs in the nucleus basalis, whereas in Parkinson disease, neurons in the substantia nigra die. The most severely affected neurons in Huntington disease are striatal medium spiny neurons. The neuronal populations that are lost in neurodegenerative diseases modulate functions such as controlling movements, processing sensory information, memory, and making decisions. Although, the molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration remains unknown, but excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress may contribute to neural cell demise independently or synergistically. The purpose of this E-book is to present readers with cutting edge and comprehensive information on molecular aspects of neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotection in a manner that is useful not only to students and teachers, but also to researchers and physicians.

This book covers novel approaches using networks and oscillations and it will serve as a catalyst for translating these exciting advancements into the clinical arena. This collection of articles aims to accelerate the widespread clinical translation of network approaches by providing practical information accessible to clinicians in neurology and psychiatry - fields that are uniquely poised to implement these developments in clinical treatment of brain diseases. It should be a useful resource for researchers and working professionals in neurological and psychiatric academic centers.

Stroke is one of the most debilitating diseases which poses a significant economic burden on society. Increasing exposure to behavioural risk factors for stroke (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption) and air pollution are driving up the worldwide stroke burden. Although medical interventions to prevent and manage stroke have advanced considerably over the last two decades, they are not consistently implemented worldwide. Therefore, health outcomes of stroke treatment vary throughout the world.