Continuous efforts to develop new semiconductor devices enable device manufacturers to make significant improvements in the information technology sector. Bipolar transistors and MOSFETS are two special electronic device components that are used to construct very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, allowing engineers to create powerful machines that are power efficient. VLSI device characterization depends largely on semiconductor device modeling which is based on physical and electronic principles. Bipolar transistor and MOSFET device models is a textbook that describes basic functions and characterization models of these two types of transistors. Readers will learn about the processes employed to derive these models which will help them understand the modeling process. Chapters in this text cover the fundamentals of semiconductor devices, the pn junction, high and low injection region models for bipolar transistors, and different MOSFET models such as channel doping models and gated SOI models. Key features of this book include: - step by step, easy to understand presentation of model information on innovative semiconductor devices - an overview of model derivation, assumptions, approximations and limitations - novel experimental information on semiconductor parameters such as gate fringe capacitance, silicided source/drain resistance, and threshold voltage shift Bipolar transistor and MOSFET device models is an essential learning resource for advanced students and professional engineers involved in semiconductor device modeling and fabrication divisions.

This reference is a comprehensive guide to carbon quantum/ dots (CQDs) for researchers. The book includes ten chapters that explain the synthesis of CQDs, their chemical properties and their application in the field of nanotechnology. The content starts with a detailed introduction to CQDs, followed by the synthesis, chemical properties, and characterization of quantum dots. Subsequent chapters cover CQD application in the fabrication of biomedical materials, chemical sensing, wastewater treatment, toxicology, and energy storage. The final chapter of the book explores the future prospects of these quantum dots which gives a glimpse of new horizons in research and development. This book provides guidance to students and researchers who require an understanding of carbonaceous quantum dots. It also serves as a handbook for professionals, researchers and students working in chemical technology sectors.

Bridges’ Dynamics covers the historical review of research and introductory mathematical concepts related to the structural dynamics of bridges. The e-book explains the theory behind engineering aspects such as 1) dynamic loadings, 2) mathematical concepts (calculus elements of variations, the d’ Alembert principle, Lagrange’s equation, the Hamilton principle, the equations of Heilig, and the δ and H functions), 3) moving loads, 4) bridge support mechanics (one, two and three span beams), 5) Static systems under dynamic loading 6) aero-elasticity, 7) space problems (2D and 3D) and 8) absorb systems (equations governing the behavior of the bridge-absorber system). The e-book is a useful introductory textbook for civil engineers interested in the theory of bridge structures.

Catalysis is an area of chemical sciences which has fascinated a wide range of academicians, researchers, chemical technologists and industries throughout the world. Progress in this field has been made owing to the thrust provided by this research and commercial interest. The field of catalysis is interdisciplinary by its nature, as it requires knowledge of organic synthesis, coordination and organometallic chemistry, reaction kinetics and mechanisms, stereochemical concepts and materials science. Fundamentals and Prospects of Catalysis highlights many important topics and sub-disciplines in catalysis by presenting 7 chapters on different but varied catalytic processes. This volume presents the following topics: · Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiroacetals and Bridged Acetals · Design and Development of Bimetallic Enantioselective Salen Co Catalysts for The Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides · Recent Trend in Asymmetric Heterogeneous Flow Catalysis · Ball Milling: A Green Tool in Synthetic Organic Chemistry · Recent Advances in the Developments of Enantioselective Electrophilic Fluorination Reactions via Organocatalysis · Green and Sustainable Biocatalytic Routes to Prepare Biobased Polyols as Precursors for Polyurethanes with Comparison of Existing Biobased Polyol Technology · Polymers Used as Catalysts <p> Catalysis: Current and Future Developments is a book series that covers theoretical, experimental and applied research on catalysis and their role in enhancing the rate of chemical reactions. The scope of topics covered by volumes in the series include heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, bio-catalysis, aspects of catalyst preparation, activation, aging, deactivation, rejuvenation, adsorption, synthesis and catalytic functions of new catalysts (which include novel inorganic solids and metal complexes). The series also presents reviews on surface chemistry, and commercially important model catalysts and catalytic processes.

Focusing on reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, automotive manufacturers are developing electric vehicles (EV) to replace fuel and diesel vehicles starting in 2030 onwards. The EVs, with their green power supplies maximize environmental benefits with zero emissions thereby lowering air pollution levels. There is now an increased demand for stable electric storage systems (ESS) that are part of the design of new electric vehicles. This timely reference gives an overview of modern electrical power systems applied in the current generation of electric vehicles which require an ESS, and how these can be utilized for simultaneous power and data communication. The book starts with an introduction to the topic, before giving a summary of the green power trend for the electric vehicle market. The book then delves into the theoretical and analytical framework required to understand adaptive compensation of the magnetic inductive system (ACMIS), based on zero voltage switch (ZVS). The chapters demonstrate how these systems are used for transmitting electric power from a single-end inverter combined with a compensated network of parallel to parallel (P-P) type and an auto-tuning impedance of LC tank. The book also covers the experimental method for a multifunctional contactless power flow of the G2V mode and bidirectional outer communication and inner communication with giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect for car parking guidance. The experiment shows how to analyze data transferring performance including the current trimming method and how to evaluate data transmission quality according to the relevant parameters. Overall the book serves to familiarize automotive engineers and industry professionals involved in the electric vehicle market with the issues that surround wireless power charging and data transfer systems for electric vehicles, and introduces them to more coherent designs.

This book is tailored to fulfil the requirements in the area of the signal processing in communication systems. The book contains numerous examples, solved problems and exercises to explain the methodology of Fourier Series, Fourier Analysis, Fourier Transform and properties, Fast Fourier Transform FFT, Discrete Fourier Transform DFT and properties, Discrete Cosine Transform DCT, Discrete Wavelet Transform DWT and Contourlet Transform CT. The book is characterized by three directions, the communication theory and signal processing point of view, the mathematical point of view and utility computer programs. The contents of this book include chapters in communication system and signals, Fourier Series and Power Spectra, Fourier Transform and Energy Spectra, Fourier Transform and Power Spectra, Correlation Function and Spectral Density, Signal Transmission and Systems, Hilbert Transform, Narrow Band-Pass Signals and Systems and Numerical Computation of Transform Coding. This book is intended for undergraduate students in institutes, colleges, universities and academies who want to specialize in the field of communication systems and signal processing. The book will also be very useful to engineers of graduate and post graduate studies as well as researchers in research centers since it contains a great number of mathematical operations that are considered important in research results.

Symbolic analyzers have the potential to offer knowledge to sophomores as well as practitioners of analog circuit design. Actually, they are an essential complement to numerical simulators, since they provide insight into circuit behavior which numerical analyzers do not provide. Symbolic analysis of electronic circuits addresses the generation of symbolic expressions for the parameters that describe the performance of linear and nonlinear circuits in three domains: DC, AC and time; some or all the circuit parameters can be kept as symbols. Due to the fact that these expressions remain valid during the change of component values (as long as models remain valid), designers can have both, an insight into the behavior of the network and use the expressions to optimize the circuit’s performances. This e-book presents, details and exemplifies famous symbolic analysis techniques. Industrial R&D topics, recent developments and future trends in the field of symbolic analysis are also highlighted. This makes the e-book a good resource for circuit analysis. Thus, it is intended for students and researchers as well as for industry designers.

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used as biomedical implant materials due to their low density, good mechanical properties, superior corrosion resistance and biocompatibility when compared with other metallic biomaterials such as Co–Cr alloys and stainless steels. Recently, β-type titanium alloys have been increasingly considered as excellent implant materials because of the remarkable combination of high strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue resistance, relatively low Young's modulus, good biocompatibility and high corrosion resistance relative to conventional titanium biomaterials. This book covers recent information about biomedical titanium alloy development and 3D printing. Chapters describe the processing, microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties in detail. Information about the surface modification of titanium alloys for biomedical applications, and manufacturing of titanium alloys by new technologies (such as selective laser melting and electron beam melting), is also presented. Readers will learn about the various types of biomedical titanium alloys, their advantages and disadvantages, their fabrication methods and medical applications. This book is a useful handbook for biomedical engineers, metallurgists and biotechnicians seeking information about titanium-based alloys for biomaterials research and development.

Sustainability is a major concern when considering the construction of a new building project as there is a definite effect of any construction on its surrounding environment. One tool to measure the environmental impact of projects is the Ecological Footprint (EF). Ecological Footprint Assessment of Building Construction: Spanish Case Study presents the methodology required for the creation of an effective EF assessment of building construction projects with a case study of a Spanish project. The book starts with a detailed overview of the EF indicator for buildings including definitions, methodologies and scale applications. This is followed by chapters on dwelling construction methodology and calculation models for direct (energy and water), indirect (manpower and construction materials) resource consumption and waste in the constructed area. The book concludes with a case study that demonstrates the application of all types of EF indicators mentioned in the previous chapters. The methodology and all steps for each calculation are explained in detail, making the book an applicable reference for working professionals as well as an easy-to-understand guide for graduates undertaking sustainability modules in ecology and civil engineering courses