Abstract
Background: Relations among markers, quality assessment and standardization of
classical preparations like Triphala an Ayurvedic potent formulation are necessary for the selectivity
as well as acceptability of genuine plant drugs and formulation.
Objective: Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of three batches of in-house Triphala
along with its ingredients collected from three different locations of India with respect to
assess the six active markers.
Methods: Phytochemical studies, spectrophotometric estimations (TPC & TFC), chromatographic
(HPLC & HPTLC) methods were developed for the identification and quantification of
active markers in Triphala.
Results: Chemical analysis and HPTLC profiles with respect of gallic acid at Rf 0.35 of
methanol extracts showed the presence of almost similar phytochemicals in three batches.
The highest HPLC peak % area for corrilagin, 1,3,6-Trigalloyl-beta-D-glucose, ellagic acid
and chebulinic acid was calculated to be 3.753, 5.27, 24.55 and 29.47, respectively with a majority
of markers i.e. four observed in batch-III. The percentage amount of TPC at λ max 720
for batch-III of Phyllanthus emblica L., Terminalia bellirica Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz.
and Triphala was 393.1, 374.81, 628 & 644.5 mg of TAE/g dry weight equivalent, respectively.
Similarly, TFC at λ max 510 for the same batch and ingredients was calculated to be
60.27, 40.043, 74.84 and 59.21 QUE/g dry weight equivalent, which were also observed to be
maximum in batch-III.
Conclusion: Batch-III of Triphala is of the highest quality and up to pharmacopoeial standards
(API). It may be used to predict the quality and efficacy of various commercial formulations
of Triphala. These outcomes may be utilized in pharmaceuticals for routine batch standardization
and quality control.
Keywords:
Triphala, HPTLC, HPLC, Total phenolics and flavanoids, Marker, Ayurvedic.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
World Health Organization (WHO). Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plants Materials. In: Geneva. 1998; pp. 1-15.
[2]
Bhutani KK. Finger-printing of ayurvedic drugs. Eastern Pharmacist 2000; 63: 21-6.
[3]
The Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) 2003.
[4]
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API).
Part I 1st Ed. New Delhi, India: Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian System of Medicine and Homeopathy. 2004; Vol. IV: 159-60.
[5]
Mukherje PK, Rai S, Bhattacharyya S, et al. Clinical study of ‘Triphala’ - A well-known phytomedicine from India. Iranian J Pharmacol Therapeut 2006; 5: 51-4.
[10]
Afshari AR, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H. A review on potential mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer’s disease. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016.
[16]
Jain V, Vyas A, Saraf S, Densitometric TLC. TLC Densitometric Method for the Estimation of Piperine in Ayurvedic FormulationTrikatu Churna RJPT 2014; (2): 230-3.
[17]
Jain V, Swarnlata S, Saraf S. Standardization of Triphala Churna: Spectrophotometric Approach. Asian J Chem 2007; 19(2): 1406-10.
[18]
Milind S, Rajani M. Quantification of ellagic acid, gallic acid and picroside-I from Phalatrikadi kvatha churna by HPTLC Bagul. JNR 2006; 6(1): 53-61.
[19]
Jayajothi E, Elavarasu T, Hamsaveni M, Sridhar SK. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of triphala churna. Nat Prod Sci 2004; 10(1): 16-9.
[21]
Pawar V, Lahorkar P, Narayana ADB. Development and validation of improved RP-HPLC method for identification and estimation of ellagic and gallic acid in triphala churna. Int J Chemtech Res 2009; 2(3): 1486-93.
[22]
Patel M, Patel V, Patel R, Patel KS. Development and validation of improved RP-HPLC method for identification and estimation of ellagic and gallic acid in triphala churna. Int J Chemtech Res 2010; 2(3): 1486-93.
[23]
Ganesan B, Perumal P, Manickam V, et al. Quantitative estimation of gallic acid in triphala churnam tablet by RP-HPLC. Der Pharma Chem 2010; 2(3): 19-24.
[24]
Mahajan DA, Pai RN. Simultaneous determination of eight phytoconstituents in triphala churna by HPLC–DAD. Res J Pharmacog Phytochem 2011; 3(2): 62-6.
[26]
Charoenchai L, Pathompak P, Madaka F, Settharaksa S, Saingam W. HPLC-MS profiles and quantitative analysis of triphala formulation. BHST 2016; 14: 57-67.
[27]
Mukherjee PK. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs. In: Business Horizons Pharmaceutical Phublishers. New Delhi . 2005; p. 741.
[28]
Pattanaya P, Jena RK, Panda SK. HPTLC fingerprinting in the standardization of sulaharan yoga: An ayurvedic tablet formulation. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2010; 3(2): 33-6.
[29]
Zhang Z, Liang Y, Xie P, Chau F, Chan K. Chromatographic fingerprinting and chemometrictechniques for quality control of herb medicines. Poon J, Poon SK, (Eds), Data Analytics for Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Gewerbestrasse: Springer.. 2014; 133-53.
[30]
Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods, A Guide To Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis In: Champman and Hall. London. 1998.
[31]
Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. In: Vallabh Prakashan. 4th ed. Delhi. 1997; pp. 107-1.
[32]
Singleton VL, Rossi JA. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965; 16: 144-58.
[34]
Sethi PD. In:High performance thin layer chromatography Student. 1st ed. New Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributers 1996; Vol. X.
[36]
Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant drug analysis a thin layer chromatography. In: Springer Verlag. Atlas, New York . 1996.
[37]
Mukherjee PK, Bahadur S, Chaudhary SK, Kar A, Mukherjee K. Quality related safety Issue-evidence -based validation of herbal medicine farm to pharma in evidence based validation of herbal medicine. In: USA: Elsevier Science Netherlands. 2015.
,
Bhavana Srivastava and
Ravindra Singh
Download PDF Flyer