Background: Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory substances in recent years.
Objective: Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances. This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy.
Conclusion: An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure- activity relationships.
Keywords: Marine small-molecules, immunomodulator, immunostimulant, immunosuppressant, α- GalCer, Polyketides.