Abstract
Background: Metoprolol is a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blockers). It is
widely used for the treatment of hypertension and other related diseases. Metoprolol can be used as a
doping agent in sports, thus has been included in the list of forbidden drugs. In Iran, therapeutic drug
monitoring (TDM) of β-blockers is an applied procedure in some cases. A therapeutic regimen could be
easily managed by the determination of drug levels in biological fluids which is a relatively costly process
and requires highly skilled technical staff. Using a simple and low-cost analytical procedure may
help to use TDM in routine clinical practice.
Methods: A real biological sample was prepared and its pH was adjusted to 3-4, then metoprolol was
quickly extracted using magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate
(SDS) and determined by applying spectrofluorimetry at 340 ± 3 nm after excitation at 283 ± 3 nm.
Results: The extraction and determination conditions including, the amount of MIONPs and SDS, pH of
the solution, standing time, desorption solvent type and volume were investigated and adjusted. Calibration
curves were linear over the concentration range of 6–100 ng/mL for plasma and 5–100 ng/mL for
water, urine and exhaled breath condensate samples, respectively. Intra and inter-day precision values
for determination of metoprolol in different samples were less than 5.6 % and 6 %, respectively, and
accuracy (as a relative error) was better than 5 %. Moreover, standard addition recovery tests were carried
out, and the analytical recoveries ranged from 86 % to 113 %. The limits of detection (LOD) and
limits of quantification (LOQ) of metoprolol were found to be in the range of 2.1-3.4 ng/mL and 6.3-
10.2 ng/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The developed method was successfully applied to biological samples taken from a volunteer
who was given an oral tablet of 50 mg metoprolol.
Keywords:
Metoprolol, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, plasma, urine, exhaled breath condensate, spectrofluorimetry.
Graphical Abstract
[16]
Xiao, X.; Zhang, M-M.; Wang, Z-Q. Determination of β-blockers in bovine and porcine tissues and bovine milk by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Lett., 2018, 1-13.
[22]
Er, E.; Çelikkan, H.; Erk, N. a novel electrochemical nanoplatform based on gra-phene/platinum nanoparticles/nafion composites for the electrochemical sensing of metoprolol. sensor. actuat. b- chem, 2017, 238, 779-787.
[27]
Bavili Tabrizi, A.; Rashidi, M.R.; Ostadi, H. A nanoparticle-based solid-phase extraction procedure followed by spectrofluorimetry to determine carbaryl in different water samples. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2014, 25(4), 709-715.
[29]
Vasconcelos, I.; Fernandes, C. Magnetic solid phase extraction for determination of drugs in biological matrices. TrAC-Trend. Anal. Chem., 2017, 89, 41-52.
[30]
Bavili Tabrizi, A.; Dehghani Teymurlouie, N. Application of sodium dodecyl sulfate coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for the extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of propranolol in different biological samples. J. Mex. Chem. Soc., 2016, 60(3), 108-116.
[37]
Khalilian, F.; Rezaee, M. Mixed-hemimicelle solid phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of amphetamines from biological samples. J. Brazil. Chem. Soc., 2016, 27(11), 2105-2113.
[38]
Bavili Tabrizi, A.; Panahi, M. Solid phase extraction using modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for extraction and spectrofluorimetric determination of carvedilol in human plasma samples. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2017, 36(3), 115-125.
[43]
Moradian, M.; Moradian, M.; Boroumand, Z. A new and efficient method for the adsorption and separation of arsenic metal ion from mining Waste Waters of Zarshouran Gold Mine by Magnetic SolidPhase extraction with modified magnetic nanoparticles. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2013, 9(3), 121-126.
[55]
Jouyban, A.; Khoubnasabjafari, M.; Ansarin, K.; Jouyban-Gharamaleki, V. Breath sampling setup. iranian patent,, 2013,.81363.,
[60]
Tabrizi, A.B.; Naini, S.; Parnian, K.; Mohammadi, S. Emami zad, F.; Anvarian, S. P.; Abdollahi, A. Determination of triamterene in human plasma and urine after its cloud point extraction. Quim. Nova, 2014, 37(7), 1182-1187.
[67]
FDA; guidance for industry: bioanalytical method valida-tion. us department of health and human services. food and drug administration, center for drug evaluation and research, center for veterinary medicine, 2015 , 2015.
Download PDF Flyer