Abstract
Background: The addition of nanoparticles to cellulose paper can improve its mechanical
strength, chemical stability, biocompatibility and hydrophobic properties. Silica nanoparticles are known
to be inert, hydrophobic, biocompatible, biodegradable and have a good distribution in being deposited on
surfaces. The main characteristics of 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles are good chemical and thermal stability
with a melting point of 1610-1728°3C, a boiling point of 2230°C with a purity of 99.5%.
Objective: To carry out the hydrophobization of paper based on Kraft cellulose and on cellulose obtained
from soybean husk with 20-nm size SiO2 nanoparticles and to study hydrophobicity, morphology
and topography of the prepared composites.
Methods: The ground and roasted soybean husk was treated with a NaOH, washed and dried. Hydrophobization
of paper was carried in aqueous medium by SiO2 addition in weight ratios “paper-SiO2” of
0.01-0.05 wt.%, stirring, filtration and drying. The obtained cellulose sheet composites were characterized
by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FTIRspectroscopy,
Mullen proofs of hydrophobicity, and contact angle measurements.
Results: The mechanical properties of paper nanocomposites (tensile strength and compression) increased
considerably by varying the concentrations. The tensile strength increased by 41-46% and the
compressive strength increased by 55-56%. The existence of fiber nanofoils, good adhesion of 20-nm
SiO2 nanoparticles to the paper surface, and their homogeneous distribution were observed.
Conclusion: Cellulose was successfully obtained from soybean husk, applying the alkaline-based extraction
method. A good reinforcement of cellulose fibers is observed due to the outstanding characteristics
of the silicon dioxide nanoparticles.
Keywords:
Soybean husk, cellulose, kraft paper, silica nanoparticles, hydrophobization, microfibers.
Graphical Abstract
[1]
Robles MNF, Saucedo CAR, Delgado FE, Sanjuán DR, Turrado SJ. Effect of cellulose microfibers on paper with high content of recycled fiber. Rev Mex Cienc For 2014; 5(24): 70-8.
[2]
Teschke K, Demer P. Paper industry and the paper paste. In: Stellman JM, Ed. Encyclopedia of occupational health and safety. 4th ed. Oregon: OIT 1998. Section 72.
[4]
Natural Cellulosic Fiber Bundles from Cellulosic Sources and a
Method for Making the Same. US Patent 20070199669A1 2005
[5]
Method for preparing insoluble fiber from soy hull. KR Patent
100785367B1 2006
[6]
Xu X, Xue Y, Song L. Method for preparing super-hydrophobic paper Chinese Patent CN Patent107313279A 2017.
[7]
Wen Q, Guo F, Yang F, Guo Z. Green fabrication of coloured superhydrophobic paper from native cotton cellulose. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 497: 284-9.
[8]
Ari J, Aarto P. Process for the manufacture of hydrophobic paper
or hydrophobic board, and a sizing composition. US Patent
6187143B1, 1998
[9]
Mamaeva V, Sahlgren C, Linden M. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in medicine-recent advances. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65: 689-702.
[10]
Rosenholm JM, Sahlgren C, Lind M. Towards multifunctional, targeted drug delivery systems using mesoporous silica nanoparticles-opportunities & challenges. Nanoscale 2010; 2: 1870-83.
[11]
Peng W, Yuan Z, Deng H, Hong C. Super-hydrophobic paper and production method thereof Chinese Patent CN Patent 102808357A 2012.
[12]
Zhang H, Hongyan Z, Junli S. Preparation method of high-strength
super-hydrophobic paper on the basis of layer by layer selfassembly
and thermal induction treatment. CN Patent 107503228A,
2017.
[13]
Henrique P, Camargo C, Satyanarayana KG, Wypych F. Nanocomposites: Synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities. Mater Res 2009; 12: 1-39.
[14]
Ogihara H, Xie J, Okagaki J, Saji T. Facile fabrication of colored superhydrophobic coatings by spraying a pigment nanoparticle suspension. Langmuir 2012; 28: 4605-8.
[15]
Andrade C. Effect of the conditions of the process of obtaining cellulose on its physicochemical properties PhD Thesis Faculty
of Chemical Engineering UADY Merida, Yucatán, Mexico 1998.
[16]
Mexican Standard for Measuring Tension 2007; NMX-N-047- SCFI-. 2007.
[17]
Tang XD, Nan SQ, Wang TS, et al. Facile strategy for fabrication of transparent superhydrophobic coatings on the surface of paper. RSC Adv 2013; 3: 15571-5.
[18]
Li H, Yang J, Li P, Lan T, Peng L. A facile method for preparation superhydrophobic paper with enhanced physical strength and moisture-proofing property. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 160: 9-17.
[19]
Coates J. Interpretation of infrared spectra, a practical approach. In:
Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. Meyers RA, Ed. Chichester:
John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2006; pp. 10815-37.
[20]
Morán JI, Vera A, Cyras VP, Vázquez A. Extraction of cellulose and preparation of nanocellulose from sisal fibers. Cellulose 2008; 15(1): 149-59.
[21]
Fan M, Dai D, Huang B. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for natural fibres. In: Salih S, Ed. Fourier transform - materials analysis Houston: INTECH. 2012; pp. 45-68.
[22]
Szczerbowski C, Pitarelo AP, Zandoná A Jr, Ramos LP. Sugarcane biomass for biorefineries: comparative composition of carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate components of bagasse and straw. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 114: 95-101.
Download PDF Flyer