[1]
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006; 126(4): 663-76.
[2]
Ieda M, Fu JD, Delgado-Olguin P, et al. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors. Cell 2010; 142(3): 375-86.
[3]
Vierbuchen T, Ostermeier A, Pang ZP, Kokubu Y, Sudhof TC, Wernig M. Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors. Nature 2010; 463(7284): 1035-41.
[4]
Huang P, He Z, Ji S, et al. Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors. Nature 2011; 475(7356): 386-9.
[5]
Zhou Q, Brown J, Kanarek A, Rajagopal J, Melton DA. In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells. Nature 2008; 455(7213): 627-32.
[6]
Jayawardena TM, Egemnazarov B, Finch EA, et al. MicroRNA-mediated in vitro and in vivo direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2012; 110(11): 1465-73.
[7]
Zhao Y, Londono P, Cao Y, et al. High-efficiency reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes requires suppression of pro-fibrotic signalling Nat Commun.2 015; 6:8243.
[8]
Ladewig J, Mertens J, Kesavan J, et al. Small molecules enable highly efficient neuronal conversion of human fibroblasts. Nat Methods 2012; 9(6): 575-8.
[9]
Li X, Zuo X, Jing J, et al. Small-molecule-driven direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17(2): 195-203.
[10]
Park G, Yoon BS, Kim YS, et al. Conversion of mouse fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells using small molecule treatments. Biomaterials 2015; 54: 201-12.
[11]
Yuan Y, Hartland K, Boskovic Z, et al. A small-molecule inducer of PDX1 expression identified by high-throughput screening. Chem Biol 2013; 20(12): 1513-22.
[12]
Macielag MJ. Chemical Properties of Antimicrobials and Their Uniqueness. In: Dougherty TJ, Pucci MJ, editors.Antibiotic Discovery and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2012; pp. 793-820.
[13]
Hou P, Li Y, Zhang X, et al. Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse somatic cells by small-molecule compounds. Science 2013; 341(6146): 651-4.
[14]
Ye J, Ge J, Zhang X, et al. Pluripotent stem cells induced from mouse neural stem cells and small intestinal epithelial cells by small molecule compounds. Cell Res 2016; 26: 34-45.
[15]
Li W, Ding S. Small molecules that modulate embryonic stem cell fate and somatic cell reprogramming. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31: 36-45.
[16]
Ichida JK, Blanchard J, Lam K, et al. A small-molecule inhibitor of tgf-Beta signaling replaces sox2 in reprogramming by inducing nanog. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5(5): 491-503.
[17]
Maherali N, Hochedlinger K. Tgfbeta signal inhibition cooperates in the induction of iPSCs and replaces Sox2 and cMyc. Curr Biol 2009; 19(20): 1718-23.
[18]
Lim KT, Lee SC, Gao Y, et al. Small Molecules Facilitate Single Factor-Mediated Hepatic Reprogramming. Cell Reports 2016; 15(4): 814-29.
[19]
Samavarchi-Tehrani P, Golipour A, David L, et al. Functional genomics reveals a BMP-driven mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the initiation of somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7: 64-77.
[20]
Li R, Liang J, Ni S, et al. A mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition initiates and is required for the nuclear reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7: 51-63.
[21]
Peinado H, Quintanilla M, Cano A. Transforming growth factor beta-1 induces snail transcription factor in epithelial cell lines: Mechanisms for epithelial mesenchymal transitions. J Biol Chem 2003; 278(23): 21113-23.
[22]
Lin T, Ambasudhan R, Yuan X, et al. A chemical platform for improved induction of human iPSCs. Nat Methods 2009; 6(11): 805-8.
[23]
Li W, Zhou H, Abujarour R, et al. Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells in the absence of exogenous Sox2. Stem Cells 2009; 27(12): 2992-3000.
[24]
Ying QL, Wray J, Nichols J, et al. The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Nature 2008; 453(7194): 519-23.
[25]
Qin H, Zhao A, Ma K, Fu X. Chemical conversion of human and mouse fibroblasts into motor neurons. Sci China Life Sci 2018; 61(10): 1151-67.
[26]
Meshorer E, Yellajoshula D, George E, Scambler PJ, Brown DT, Misteli T. Hyperdynamic plasticity of chromatin proteins in pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Dev Cell 2006; 10: 105-16.
[27]
Meshorer E, Misteli T. Chromatin in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and differentiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006; 7(7): 540-6.
[28]
Li Y, Zhang Q, Yin X, Yang W, Du Y, Hou P, et al. Generation of iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts with a single gene, Oct4, and small molecules. Cell Res 2011; 21(1): 196-204.
[29]
Mikkelsen TS, Hanna J, Zhang X, et al. Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic analysis. Nature 2008; 454(7200): 49-55.
[30]
Xu X, Duan S, Yi F, Ocampo A, Liu GH, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Mitochondrial regulation in pluripotent stem cells. Cell Metab 2013; 18(3): 325-32.
[31]
Zhu S, Li W, Zhou H, et al. Reprogramming of human primary somatic cells by OCT4 and chemical compounds. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 7(6): 651-5.
[32]
Hindie V, Stroba A, Zhang H, et al. Structure and allosteric effects of low-molecular-weight activators on the protein kinase PDK1. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 5(10): 758-64.
[33]
DeBerardinis RJ, Lum JJ, Hatzivassiliou G, Thompson CB. The biology of cancer: Metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation. Cell Metab 2008; 7(1): 11-20.
[34]
Kanda Y. Cardiac differentiation of human iPS cells: Nihon yakurigaku zasshi Folia pharmacologica Japonica 2013; 141(1): 32-6.
[35]
Rasekhi M, Soleimani M, Bakhshandeh B, Sadeghizadeh M. A novel protocol to provide a suitable cardiac model from induced pluripotent stem cells. Biologicals 2017; 50: 42-8.
[36]
Marczenke M, Fell J, Piccini I, Ropke A, Seebohm G, Greber B. Generation and cardiac subtype-specific differentiation of PITX2-deficient human iPS cell lines for exploring familial atrial fibrillation. Stem Cell Res 2017; 21: 26-8.
[37]
McComish SF, Caldwell MA. Generation of defined neural populations from pluripotent stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018: 373(1750).
[38]
Haller C, Chaskar P, Piccand J, et al. Insights into islet differentiation and maturation through proteomic characterization of a human ipsc-derived pancreatic endocrine model. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12(5): e1600173.
[39]
Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007; 131(5): 861-72.
[40]
Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science (New York, NY) 2007; 318(5858): 1917-20.
[41]
Huangfu D, Maehr R, Guo W, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26(7): 795-7.
[42]
Huangfu D, Osafune K, Maehr R, et al. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from primary human fibroblasts with only Oct4 and Sox2. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26(11): 1269-75.
[43]
Lyssiotis CA, Foreman RK, Staerk J, et al. Reprogramming of murine fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells with chemical complementation of Klf4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106(22): 8912-7.
[44]
Shi Y, Desponts C, Do JT, Hahm HS, Scholer HR, Ding S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by Oct4 and Klf4 with small-molecule compounds. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 3(5): 568-74.
[45]
Yuan X, Wan H, Zhao X, Zhu S, Zhou Q, Ding S. Brief report: combined chemical treatment enables Oct4-induced reprogramming from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2011; 29(3): 549-53.
[46]
Li Y, Zhang Q, Yin X, et al. Generation of iPSCs from mouse fibroblasts with a single gene, Oct4, and small molecules. Cell Res 2011; 21: 196-204.
[47]
Li W, Tian E, Chen ZX, et al. Identification of oct4-activating compounds that enhance reprogramming efficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109(51): 20853-8.
[48]
Zhao Y, Zhao T, Guan J, et al. A xen-like state bridges somatic cells to pluripotency during chemical reprogramming. Cell 2015; 163(7): 1678-91.
[49]
Zhou T, Benda C, Duzinger S, et al. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from urine. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22(7): 1221-8.
[50]
Zhou T, Benda C, Dunzinger S, et al. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from urine samples. Nat Protoc 2012; 7(12): 2080-9.
[51]
Xue Y, Cai X, Wang L, et al. Generating a non-integrating human induced pluripotent stem cell bank from urine-derived cells. PLoS One 2013; 8(8): e70573.
[52]
Li D, Wang L, Hou J, et al. Optimized approaches for generation of integration-free ipscs from human urine-derived cells with small molecules and autologous feeder. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6(5): 717-28.
[53]
Mercola M, Ruiz-Lozano P, Schneider MD. Cardiac muscle regeneration: Lessons from development. Genes Dev 2011; 25(4): 299-309.
[54]
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet (London, England) 2016; 388(10053): 1459-544.
[55]
Qian L, Huang Y, Spencer CI, et al. In vivo reprogramming of murine cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes. Nature 2012; 485(7400): 593-8.
[56]
Song K, Nam YJ, Luo X, et al. Heart repair by reprogramming non-myocytes with cardiac transcription factors. Nature 2012; 485(7400): 599-604.
[57]
Zhou Y, Wang L, Vaseghi HR, et al. Bmi1 Is a Key Epigenetic Barrier to Direct Cardiac Reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18(3): 382-95.
[58]
Fu JD, Stone NR, Liu L, et al. Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts toward a cardiomyocyte-like state. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1(3): 235-47.
[59]
Wada R, Muraoka N, Inagawa K, et al. Induction of human cardiomyocyte-like cells from fibroblasts by defined factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110(31): 12667-72.
[60]
Nam YJ, Song K, Luo X, et al. Reprogramming of human fibroblasts toward a cardiac fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110(14): 5588-93.
[61]
Yamakawa H, Muraoka N, Miyamoto K, et al. Fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factor promote cardiac reprogramming under defined conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5(6): 1128-42.
[62]
Wu X, Ding S, Ding Q, Gray NS, Schultz PG. Small molecules that induce cardiomyogenesis in embryonic stem cells. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126(6): 1590-1.
[63]
Yau WW, Tang MK, Chen E, et al. Cardiogenol c can induce mouse hair bulge progenitor cells to transdifferentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Proteome Sci 2011; 9(1): 3.
[64]
Wang H, Cao N, Spencer CI, et al. Small molecules enable cardiac reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts with a single factor, Oct4. Cell Reports 2014; 6(5): 951-60.
[65]
Fu Y, Huang C, Xu X, et al. Direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes with chemical cocktails. Cell Res 2015; 25(9): 1013-24.
[66]
Cao N, Huang Y, Zheng J, Spencer CI, Zhang Y, Fu JD, et al. Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by small molecules. Science (New York,NY) 2016; 352(6290): 1216-20.
[67]
Porter KE, Turner NA. Cardiac fibroblasts: At the heart of myocardial remodeling. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 123(2): 255-78.
[68]
Wapinski OL, Vierbuchen T, Qu K, et al. Hierarchical mechanisms for direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to neurons. Cell 2013; 155(3): 621-35.
[69]
Pang ZP, Yang N, Vierbuchen T, et al. Induction of human neuronal cells by defined transcription factors. Nature 2011; 476(7359): 220-3.
[70]
Ambasudhan R, Talantova M, Coleman R, et al. Direct reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts to functional neurons under defined conditions. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9(2): 113-8.
[71]
Yoo AS, Sun AX, Li L, et al. MicroRNA-mediated conversion of human fibroblasts to neurons. Nature 2011; 476(7359): 228-31.
[72]
Liu ML, Zang T, Zou Y, et al. Small molecules enable neurogenin 2 to efficiently convert human fibroblasts into cholinergic neurons. Nat Commun 2013; 4: 2183.
[73]
Hu W, Qiu B, Guan W, et al. Direct conversion of normal and alzheimer’s disease human fibroblasts into neuronal cells by small molecules. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17(2): 204-12.
[74]
Caiazzo M, Dell’Anno MT, Dvoretskova E, et al. Direct generation of functional dopaminergic neurons from mouse and human fibroblasts. Nature 2011; 476(7359): 224-7.
[75]
Pfisterer U, Kirkeby A, Torper O, et al. Direct conversion of human fibroblasts to dopaminergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011; 108(25): 10343-8.
[76]
Son EY, Ichida JK, Wainger BJ, et al. Conversion of mouse and human fibroblasts into functional spinal motor neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2011; 9(3): 205-18.
[77]
Wang Y, Yang H, Yang Q, et al. Chemical conversion of mouse fibroblasts into functional dopaminergic neurons. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347(2): 283-92.
[78]
Cheng L, Gao L, Guan W, et al. Direct conversion of astrocytes into neuronal cells by drug cocktail. Cell Res 2015; 25(11): 1269-72.
[79]
Molofsky AV, Krencik R, Ullian EM, et al. Astrocytes and disease: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Genes Dev 2012; 26(9): 891-907.
[80]
Heinrich C, Gascon S, Masserdotti G, et al. Generation of subtype-specific neurons from postnatal astroglia of the mouse cerebral cortex. Nat Protoc 2011; 6(2): 214-28.
[81]
Zhang L, Yin JC, Yeh H, et al. Small molecules efficiently reprogram human astroglial cells into functional neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17(6): 735-47.
[82]
Gao L, Guan W, Wang M, et al. Direct generation of human neuronal cells from adult astrocytes by small molecules. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8(3): 538-47.
[83]
Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Romanov RA, Spigolon G, Masini D, Martin-Montanez E, Toledo EM. Induction of functional dopamine neurons from human astrocytes in vitro and mouse astrocytes in a parkinson’s disease model. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35(5): 444-52.
[84]
Lee J, Sugiyama T, Liu Y, et al. Expansion and conversion of human pancreatic ductal cells into insulin-secreting endocrine cells. eLife 2013; 2: e00940.
[85]
Farney AC, Sutherland DE, Opara EC. Evolution of islet transplantation for the last 30 years. Pancreas 2016; 45(1): 8-20.
[86]
Banga A, Akinci E, Greder LV, Dutton JR, Slack JM. In vivo reprogramming of Sox9+ cells in the liver to insulin-secreting ducts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109(38): 15336-41.
[87]
Gu G, Dubauskaite J, Melton DA. Direct evidence for the pancreatic lineage: NGN3+ cells are islet progenitors and are distinct from duct progenitors. Development (Cambridge,England) 2002; 129(10): 2447-57.
[88]
Li W, Cavelti-Weder C, Zhang Y, et al. Long-term persistence and development of induced pancreatic beta cells generated by lineage conversion of acinar cells. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32(12): 1223-30.
[89]
Chen YJ, Finkbeiner SR, Weinblatt D, et al. De novo formation of insulin-producing “neo-beta cell islets” from intestinal crypts. Cell Reports 2014; 6(6): 1046-58.
[90]
Ariyachet C, Tovaglieri A, Xiang G, et al. Reprogrammed stomach tissue as a renewable source of functional beta cells for blood glucose regulation. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18(3): 410-21.
[91]
Li W, Nakanishi M, Zumsteg A, et al. In vivo reprogramming of pancreatic acinar cells to three islet endocrine subtypes. eLife 2014; 3: e01846.
[92]
Courtney M, Gjernes E, Druelle N, et al. The inactivation of arx in pancreatic alpha-cells triggers their neogenesis and conversion into functional beta-like cells. PLoS Genet 2013; 9(10): e1003934.
[93]
Minami K, Okuno M, Miyawaki K, et al. Lineage tracing and characterization of insulin-secreting cells generated from adult pancreatic acinar cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102(42): 15116-21.
[94]
Baeyens L, Lemper M, Leuckx G, et al. Transient cytokine treatment induces acinar cell reprogramming and regenerates functional beta cell mass in diabetic mice. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32(1): 76-83.
[95]
Lefebvre B, Belaich S, Longue J, et al. 5′-AZA induces Ngn3 expression and endocrine differentiation in the PANC-1 human ductal cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 391(1): 305-9.
[96]
Fomina-Yadlin D, Kubicek S, Walpita D, et al. Small-molecule inducers of insulin expression in pancreatic alpha-cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107(34): 15099-104.
[97]
Li J, Casteels T, Frogne T, et al. Artemisinins target gabaa receptor signaling and impair alpha cell identity. Cell 2017; 168(1-2): 86-100.e15.
[98]
Chen S, Borowiak M, Fox JL, et al. A small molecule that directs differentiation of human escs into the pancreatic lineage. Nat Chem Biol 2009; 5(4): 258-65.
[99]
Li K, Zhu S, Russ HA, et al. Small molecules facilitate the reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into pancreatic lineages. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 14(2): 228-36.
[100]
Zhu S, Russ HA, Wang X, et al. Human pancreatic beta-like cells converted from fibroblasts. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 10080.
[101]
Okita K, Matsumura Y, Sato Y, et al. A more efficient method to generate integration-free human iPS cells. Nat Methods 2011; 8(5): 409-12.
[102]
Amatori S, Bagaloni I, Donati B, Fanelli M. DNA demethylating antineoplastic strategies: A comparative point of view. Genes Cancer 2010; 1(3): 197-209.
[103]
Schirrmacher E, Beck C, Brueckner B, et al. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of biotinylated RG108: A high affinity compound for studying binding interactions with human DNA methyltransferases. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17(2): 261-6.
[104]
Brayton CF. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO):A review. Cornell Vet 1986; 76(1): 61-90.
[105]
Ferk P, Daris B. The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on metabolic activity and morphology of melanoma cell line WM-266-4. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64(11): 41-3.
[106]
Hebling J, Bianchi L, Basso FG, et al. Cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in direct contact with odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2015; 31(4): 399-405.
[107]
Majdi S, Najafinobar N, Dunevall J, Lovric J, Ewing AG. DMSO chemically alters cell membranes to slow exocytosis and increase the fraction of partial transmitter released. A European journal of Chembiochem. 2017; 18(19): 1898-902.
[108]
Tsai HJ, Chou SY. A novel hydroxyfuroic acid compound as an insulin receptor activator. Structure and activity relationship of a prenylindole moiety to insulin receptor activation. J Biomed Sci 2009; 16: 68.
Download PDF Flyer