Polyaniline Supported Palladium Catalyzed Reductive Degradation of Dyes Under Mild Condition

Page: [69 - 75] Pages: 7

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Polyaniline supported palladium catalyst was applied in the reductive degradation of organic dyes such as Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, and Methyl Orange in presence of sodium borohydride as an environmental-friendly approach. Role of pH, catalyst amount, and catalyst support were investigated thoroughly to achieve complete and efficient degradation within few minutes under ambient condition. Heterogeneous nature of the catalyst allowed easy recovery by centrifugation and the catalyst was recycled for five cycles with slightly reduced activity. Recovered catalyst was characterized by ICP-AES and TEM and a slight decrease in the activity of the catalyst was attributed to the agglomeration of the palladium nanoparticles.

Keywords: Polyaniline, palladium, degradation, organic dye, catalyst, reusable.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
2017 UN World Water Development Report, Wastewater: The Untapped Resource, ISBN 978-92-3-100201-4.
[2]
Wong, R.S.; Feng, J.; Hu, X.; Yue, P.L. Discoloration and mineralization of non-biodegradable azo dye Orange II by copper-doped TiO2 nanocatalysts. J. Environ. Sci. Health A. Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 2004, 39(10), 2583-2595.
[3]
Gupta, V.K. Suhas. Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal - A review. J. Environ. Manage., 2009, 90, 2313-2342.
[4]
Robinson, T.; McMullan, G.; Marchant, R.; Nigam, P. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: A critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour. Technol., 2001, 77, 247-255.
[5]
Forgacs, E.; Cserhati, T.; Oros, G. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewaters: A review. Environ. Int., 2004, 30, 953-971.
[6]
Duta, A.; Visa, M.J. Simultaneous removal of two industrial dyes by adsorption and photocatalysis on a fly-ash -TiO2 composite. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 2015, 306, 21-30.
[7]
Ghaedi, M.; Ansari, A.; Habibi, M.H.; Asghari, R. Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by zinc oxide nanoparticle loaded on activated carbon: Kinetics and isotherm study. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2014, 20(1), 17-28.
[8]
Ahmadi, K.; Ghaedi, M.; Ansari, A. Isotherm and kinetics study of malachite green adsorption onto copper nanowires loaded on activated carbon: Artificial neural network modeling and genetic algorithm optimization. Spectrochim. Acta A, 2015, 142, 135-149.
[9]
Moghaddma, S.S.; Moghaddma, M.R.A.; Arami, M. Coagulation/flocculation process for dye removal using sludge from water treatment plant: Optimization through response surface methodology. J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 175, 651-657.
[10]
Singh, K.; Arora, S. Removal of synthetic textile dyes from wastewaters: A critical review on present treatment technologies. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2011, 41, 807-878.
[11]
Li, G.; Wang, N.; Liu, B.; Zhang, X. Decolorization of azo dye orange II by ferrate(VI) hypochlorite liquid mixture, potassium ferrate(VI) and potassium permanganate. Desalination, 2009, 249, 936-941.
[12]
Sudarjanto, G.; Keller-Lehmann, B.; Keller, J. Optimization of integrated chemical-biological degradation of a reactive azo dye using response surface methodology. J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, 138, 160-168.
[13]
Van der Zee, F.P.; Villaverde, S. Combined anaerobic aerobic treatment of azo dyes-A short review of bioreactor studies. Water Res., 2005, 39, 1425-1440.
[14]
Stock, N.L.; Peller, J.; Vinodgopal, K.; Kamat, P. Combinative sonolysis and photocatalysis for textile dye degradation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2000, 34, 1747-1750.
[15]
Saikia, P.; Miah, A.T.; Das, P.P. Highly efficient catalytic reductive degradation of various organic dyes by Au/CeO2-TiO2 nano-hybrid. J. Chem. Sci., 2017, 129, 81-93.
[16]
Gupta, N.; Singh, H.P.; Sharma, R.K. Metal nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in degradation of methyl orange: An electron relay effect. J. Mol. Catal. Chem., 2011, 335, 248-252.
[17]
Mallick, K.; Witcomb, M.J.; Scurrell, M.S. Redox catalytic property of gold nanoclusters: Evidence of an electron relay effect Appl. Phys. A- Mater, 2005, 80, 7978.
[18]
Khan, M.M.; Lee, J.; Cho, M.H. Au@TiO2 nanocomposites for the catalytic degradation of methylorange and methylene blue: An electron relay effect. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2014, 20, 1584-1590.
[19]
Zhang, W.; Hu, H.; Shao, M.W.; Lu, L.; Wang, H.; Wang, S. Synthesis of layer-deposited silicon nanowires, modification with pd nanoparticles, and their excellent catalytic activity and stability in the reduction of methylene blue. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111, 3467-3470.
[20]
Shao, M.W.; Wang, F.X.; Cheng, L.; Chen, D.Y.; Fu, Y.; Ma, D. Si/Pd nanostructure with high catalytic activity in degradation of eosin Y. Mater. Res. Bull., 2009, 44, 126-129.
[21]
Li, S.; Li, H.; Liu, J.; Zhang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Wang, L.; Wang, B. Highly efficient degradation of organic dyes by palladium nanoparticles decorated on 2D magnetic reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44, 9193-9199.
[22]
Patra, S.; Roy, E.; Madhuri, R.; Sharma, P.K. Agar based bimetallic nanoparticles as high-performance renewable adsorbent for removal and degradation of cationic organic dyes. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2016, 33, 226-238.
[23]
Nalwa, H.S. Handbook of Organic Conductive Molecules and Polymers, John Wiley & Sons: Chichester. 1997, Vols. 1 - 4.
[24]
Skoheim, T.A.; Elsenbaumer, R.L.; Reynolds, J.R. Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2nd edn.; Marcel Dekker: New York. 1998.
[25]
Choudary, B.M.; Roy, M.; Roy, S.; Kantam, M.L.; Sreedhar, B.; Kumar, K.V. Preparation, Characterization and catalytic properties of polyaniline-supported metal complexes. Adv. Synth. Catal., 2006, 348, 1734-1742.
[26]
Chowdhury, A.N.; Jesmeen, S.R.; Hossain, M.M. Removal of dyes from water by conducting polymeric adsorbent. Polym. Adv. Technol., 2004, 15, 633-638.
[27]
Mahato, T.K.; Chandra, S.; Haldar, C.; Sahu, S.K. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of polyaniline functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica for magnetic field guided dye adsorption. RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 47909-47919.
[28]
Janakia, V.; Oh, B-T.; Shanthi, K.; Lee, K-J.; Ramasamy, A.K.; Kamala-Kannan, S. Polyaniline/chitosan composite: An eco-friendly polymer for enhanced removal of dyes from aqueous solution. Synth. Met., 2012, 162, 974-980.
[29]
Mu, B.; Tang, J.; Zhang, L.; Wang, A. Facile fabrication of superparamagnetic graphene/ polyaniline/Fe3O4 nanocomposites for fast magnetic separation and efficient removal of dye. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 5347.
[30]
Mahanta, D.; Madras, G.; Radhakrishnan, S.; Patil, S. Adsorption of sulfonated dyes by polyaniline emeraldine salt and its kinetics. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2008, 112, 10153-10157.
[31]
Arundhathi, R.; Kumar, D.C.; Sreedhar, B. C-N bond formation catalysed by cui bonded to polyaniline nanofiber. Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2010, 19, 3621-3630.
[32]
Mondal, A.; Adhikary, B.; Mukherjee, D. Room-temperature synthesis of air stable cobalt nanoparticles andtheir use as catalyst for methyl orange dye degradation. Colloids and Surfaces A: PhysicoChem. Eng. Aspects, 2015, 482, 248-257.
[33]
Choi, S.; Jeong, Y.; Yu, J. Spontaneous hydrolysis of borohydride required before its catalytic activation by metal nanoparticles. Catal. Commun., 2016, 84, 80-84.