Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)

Author(s): Phillip D. Smith* and Ruizhong Shen

DOI: 10.2174/1573395514666180531072126

Target Cells for HIV-1/SIV Infection in Mucosal Tissue

Page: [28 - 35] Pages: 8

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The mucosal surfaces of the genital and gastrointestinal tracts are the routes by which HIV-1 is acquired, excluding persons infected parenterally. Identification of the mucosal target cells and the receptors by which HIV-1 enters these cells is fundamental to elucidating the biology of HIV-1 transmission. The mucosal target cells include epithelial cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, CD4+ T-cells, macrophages and even mast cells, but the contribution of each cell type is highly dependent on the mucosal surface - genital versus gastrointestinal. Importantly, mucosal target cells may also play key roles in the immunobiology and latency of HIV-1 infection. Given the pivotal role of mucosal cells in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis, an effective vaccine to bring the HIV-1 pandemic under control must be effective at the level of the key target cells in both the genital and gastrointestinal mucosae.

Keywords: Mucosal HIV-1, epithelial cell, macrophage, T-cell, dendritic cell, mast cell.

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