Abstract

Simulation in minimally invasive surgery has quickly evolved from early box trainers to high tech computer-based virtual reality systems that allow trainees to practice complete surgical procedures. Simulation provides a safe introduction to advanced laparoscopic and robotic skills in an age of decreasing surgical numbers and work hours. This article reviews the evidence in support of simulation, reviews simulators available for both laparoscopic and robotic surgery, and discusses creation of a simulation program for gynecology residents.

Keywords: Simulation, gynecology, virtual reality simulator, box trainer, laparoscopic training, robotic training.