Abstract

The invading microbial pathogens are controlled by the rapid and effective innate immune responses sequentially formation of the long-lasting adaptive memories. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in innate and adaptive immune response by function as a bridge to modulate the immune response. Further, genetic studies in human or animals showed that regulation of TLR signaling contributes to the antibacterial efficacy, and developing novel reagent to modulate TLR related immune response becomes an interesting therapy method to against bacterial infections. Herein we review the recent developments of this area, focusing on the reagent of synthetic molecules, natural products and peptides (or proteins), as TLR-related antibacterial drugs.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Toll-like receptor, Inflammation, Natural product, Peptide, Synthetic molecule.

Graphical Abstract