Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are host-cell derived enzymes that mediate the breakdown of the connective tissue. This enzyme family takes part in many inflammatory, malignant and degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and periodontal diseases. MMPs can be inhibited by several inhibitors. These inhibititors can be divided into two categories as synthetic and nonsynthetic molecules. The major group of non-synthetic molecules are tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, which are produced by the same cells responsible for MMP production. Synthetic inhibitors are listed under four categories as collagen peptidomimetics, non-peptidomimetics, tetracycline and its derivatives, and biphosphonates. Among these inhibitors, subantimicrobial dose doxycycline is the only MMP inhibitor approved by Food and Drug Administration and use for the treatment of periodontitis.

Keywords: Biphosphonates, matrix metalloproteinases, MMP inhibition, peptidomimetics, tetracycline, TIMP.

Graphical Abstract