Abstract

Background: Understanding the physicochemical basis and the different models of nanosystems is nowadays fundamental in a great number of scientific areas and industrial processes.

Results: Here, we focus on nanosystems created by self-assembly, molecular or inorganic. The organization of single units at these scales is a challenging matter in light of the inherently small dimensions involved, the sensitivity of the system to small perturbations, and the problem of scaling up such a process for widespread use and implementation.

Conclusion: This review examines the different self-assembly routes used to create nanostructures in both the equilibrium and non-equilibrium/dynamic systems and discusses their limits and applications. The connection to biomedicine and pharmaceutical design has been emphasized.

Keywords: Self-assembly, nanoscale, surface plasmon, electromagnetic properties, biomedicine, molecular templates, tissue engineering.