Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysis using sole metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remains an immature field because these MOFs have insufficient active sites. The “inorganic effect” allows MOFs to become solid supports to immobilize polyoxometalates and metal nanoparticles, whereas the “organic effect” enables MOFs to function with organic groups such as -NH₂ and -SO₃H. These functionalized MOFs can be applied in various reactions, such as oxidation, hydrogenation, Knoevenagel condensation, dehydration, and hydrolysis. This review presents the catalytic transformation of organic molecules and biomass derivatives with MOFs.

Keywords: Multi-catalysis, MOFs, organic synthesis, biomass conversion.