Abstract

Cimetidine is a histamine H₂-receptor antagonist which is used in gastrointestinal diseases. Although this drug is designed for H₂ receptor, it can also attach to other enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an important enzyme used for obtaining inorganic phosphate from organic phosphorylated substrate in microorganisms.

In this study, effect of cimetidine on the ALP of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated and compared. Cultured cells were disrupted by ultrasound and the cell free extract was used for enzyme assay. The results showed that cimetidine inhibited ALP with un-competitive and competitive inhibition in E. coli and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Lower IC₅₀ and Ki of the drug in E. coli determined that the drug bound to ALP of E. coli with higher affinity than the ALP of S. cerevisiae. The proposed molecular modeling suggested that, in E. coli, cimetidine bound to Mg²⁺ ion of active site, while in S. cerevisiae, the drug bound to Zn²⁺ ion. In conclusion, different patterns of pH, temperature profile, kinetic parameter, and type of inhibition demonstrated that the ALP of E. coli and S. cerevisiae were isozymes and cimetidine bound to these isozymes with different mechanisms.

Keywords: Drug, Enzyme, inhibition, molecular modeling.

Graphical Abstract