Abstract

Seriously compromised patients may acquire deep airway ailments by Gram positive, commensal bacteria including Kytococcus and Rothia, pathogenic tracts of which still remain quite unexplored. Resistances they express have been poorly investigated over the years, and no published guidelines for susceptibility testing and antibiotic therapy exist. We would therefore revise the current knowledge about these opportunistic organisms clinical impact, as well as discuss on recent patents focusing on lung infection management. Particularly, these deal with the use of inhalatory vancomycin, even as lipidic complex, that appears a promising adjunctive treatment to systemic antimicrobials.

Keywords: Kytococcus, Rothia, pneumonia, airway, lung, bronchitis, vancomycin, aerosol, liposome, Gram positive, saprophyte, Micrococcaceae, Actinomycetales, Micrococcus sedentarius, Kytococcus schroeteri, rRNA, DNA, K. sedentarius, Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces dentocariosus, Nocardia dentocariosa, Nocardia salivae, Actinomyces, Rothia aeria, R. dentocariosa, Kocuria kristinae, Vitek2 ID-GP, isoxazolyl penicillins, oxacillin, cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, Staphylococcus, R. mucilaginosa, Clostridium difficile, pseudomembranous colitis