Abstract

Organocatalyzed reactions can often be advantageously performed in non-traditional reaction media. Use of ionic liquids, water or brine often leads to improved yields and selectivities of organocatalytic transformations. In terms of energy source, organocatalyzed reactions can be significantly accelerated by microwave irradiation, ultrasound or high pressure. Reactions without solvent and performed in ball mills are also reviewed.

Keywords: Organocatalysis, water, ionic liqiuds, microwave irradiation, ultrasound, ball mill, Aldol Reactions, Michael Additions, Mannich Reactions in Aqueous Media, chloroform, dichloromethane, THF, toluene, trifluoroethanol, TBDPS-protected serine, Miscellaneous Reactions