Abstract

Beta(β)-caryophyllene (BCP) is a naturally occurring bicyclic sesquiterpene widely present in essential oils from various spices, fruits, and both medicinal and ornamental plants. This mini-review primarily covers research progress over the past 20 years (2004-2024) regarding the anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms of BCP, focusing on its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Experimental studies have documented a variety of pharmacological activities associated with BCP, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, cardioprotective, intestinal protective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective effects. BCP has shown significant therapeutic potential in treating diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords: Inflammation Beta(β)-caryophyllene (BCP), oxidation resistance, cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), immunotraction, neuroprotective, analgesic.