Abstract

Bio-medical devices are the acknowledged instruments for the precise functioning of healthcare applications, playing a crucial role in managing pandemic situations. Various bio-medical devices have been deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic to detect COVID-19 infection. Biomedical devices, like liquid-flow-immuno-assay-based devices, cold-atmospheric-plasma-based devices, CT scan images, biosensing platforms, ultrasound images, microfluidic devices, auxetic nasopharyngeal swabs, and RT-PCR, are the conventional devices. Biomedical devices have been employed considerably to detect, diagnose, treat, control, and manage pandemic situations. In populous countries, like India, post-COVID fungal infections of mucor and other related fungi have also created a panic situation across the world. The implementation of novel technologies, like CAP devices, deep learning methods, nanomaterials, quantum neural networks, and the integration of sensors with smartphones and blockchain methodology, has significantly contributed to managing pandemics through a convenient, encrypted, and safe transfer of recorded data to health officials across the globe. Since vaccines are the only stable available treatment for coronavirus, biomedical devices, aiding in early detection and efficient management, have been proven to be a significant boon to humankind. In this review, a systematic approach has been applied to extract the present state-ofthe- art literature to explore the use of biomedical devices and their futuristic relevance in the early detection of the disease.

Keywords: Smart devices, medical diagnosis, bionanotechnology, pandemics, wearable devices, medical devices, nanoscale devices, coronavirus, pandemic, literature review.