Abstract

Medical nanorobots and nanobots are at the forefront of therapy and diagnostics, potentially improving human health by enabling previously inaccessible treatments. This review explores critical issues concerning the design, components, signaling, structure, and roles of nanorobots and nanobots while elucidating the distinctions between microrobots and nanorobots or microrobotics and nanorobotics as well. By complementing traditional medical procedures, nanorobotic technology offers a rapid, safe, and potentially beneficial pathway toward early clinical applications. It finds numerous applications in both current and future pharmacological and medical advancements. The current and future applications of various nanorobots, such as DNA origami nanorobots, nucleic acid robots, microbivore nanorobots, respirocyte nanorobots, and orthodontic nanorobots, are briefly discussed. In the future, nanobots will likely be prominently featured in hospitals and pharmacies for individuals or specialized groups with specific needs. Continuous innovation and improvement of these technologies, addressing these technical challenges, will broadly advance research in micro/nanorobotics for medical diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: Nucleic acid robots, microbivore nanorobots, respirocyte nanorobots, DNA origami nanorobots, orthodontic nanorobots.