Abstract

Electrification is a suitable method for establishing a transportation system that is both clean and energy-efficient, addressing environmental concerns. The transportation industry widely recognizes electric vehicles as a highly promising green technology that can reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption. Besides, electric vehicles are defined as vehicles that can be externally charged and propelled by an electric motor powered by a battery. Moreover, an electric vehicle consists of two distinct types: firstly, an all-electric vehicle, which relies exclusively on battery power to move an electric motor, and secondly, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of electric vehicles by covering four key aspects: types of electric vehicles, the history of electric vehicles, government policies related to electric vehicles, and future prospects of electric vehicles. This paper first discusses the basic types of electric vehicles. Through a comprehensive analysis of several categories of electric vehicles, their distinct characteristics, and their advantages, research enables individuals to make well-informed decisions when contemplating sustainable transportation alternatives. After that, a brief history of electric vehicles is discussed. Documenting the historical evolution of electric vehicles provides context for understanding the technological advancements, challenges, and milestones achieved in the development of electric vehicles over time. After that, Indian government policies related to electric vehicle promotion are discussed. Consequently, this encompasses various incentives, subsidies, initiatives for infrastructure development, and other policy measures with the objective of fostering the use of electric vehicles. Lastly, future prospects of electric vehicles are discussed.