Abstract

Background: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a neural and immunerelated disorder that occurs when the cerebrospinal system is damaged by extensive swelling. Although manifestation is possible regardless of age, adolescents have a greater probability. The purpose of the present manuscript is to provide recent advancements and enhance knowledge of the disease.

Method: The literature search on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment was carried out using the online databases of SciFinder, Medline, Pubmed, GoogleScholar, Scopus, etc.

Result: Although the cause of ADEM remains unclear, it is believed to be caused by inflammation in those with a genetic sensitivity to environmental stimulation. When people have altered levels of awareness or multifocal neurological abnormalities, ADEM is a possibility as a diagnosis. The diagnosis of ADEM is dependent on a combination of clinical and radiologic symptoms, whereas the exclusion of illnesses mimics ADEM; there is no one test that can establish the diagnosis. The inflammation in a child's brain and spinal cord is treated with medication. Prednisone is occasionally given to youngsters for a brief amount of time.

Conclusion: Most children with ADEM improve with high doses of methylprednisolone. Cyclophosphamide is needed by individuals with hypothermia. Most investigations show that 50%- 75% of individuals completely recover between the first and sixth month of their condition.

Keywords: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, central nervous system, cerebrospinal fluid, clinical, radiologic features, neurological abnormalities, treatment, prednisone.