Abstract

The synthesis of α,β-unsaturated compounds is crucial in organic chemistry, especially in drug discovery and pharmaceutical development. In this study, NCP@POCl₂-x (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ chitosan@POCl₂-x) has been introduced as a new, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. This catalyst facilitates the in situ transformation of POCl₂-x to PO(OH)₂ in the presence of water, effectively converting β-hydroxy nitriles into α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids through a specific mechanism involving water and heat. The reactions display notable regioselectivity, leading to high-purity products and quantitative yields. NCP@PO(OH)₂ exhibits heterogeneity, magnetic properties, straightforward recovery, and outstanding performance, making it a valuable catalyst for efficient and selective transformations of β-hydroxy nitriles. Additionally, it can be easily separated from the mixture of reactions using external magnetic forces.

Keywords: Core-shell, nanocatalyst, modified chitosan, β-hydroxy nitrile, α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, magnetic nanocomposite, regioselective synthesis, heterogeneous catalysis.

Graphical Abstract