Abstract

Background: Essential oils are utilized in various food applications and are a rich source of naturally occurring volatile components. The extraction of essential oils has used conventional techniques for several years, but these methods require a long duration of time, more solvent, and high energy. However, recent advancements have led to novel and eco-friendly techniques that significantly enhance the essential oil yield while minimizing the use of resources.

Method: This study describes the recent research on the extraction of essential oils and their components, focusing on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE).

Result: This review explores the instrumentation, mechanism, and applications behind MAE and UAE. It also describes the emerging technologies for the extraction of essential oils, along with their optimized conditions.

Conclusion: These techniques represent a more sustainable and efficient approach for the extraction of essential oil from various plant sources, aligning with the principles of green chemistry.