A Review on Folklore Uses, Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of the
Genus Berberis

Zulfa      Nooreen; Awani   Kumar   Rai; Poonam      Jaisal; Fariha      Sumayya; Ankita      Wal; Nasir   A.   Siddique
Abstract

Genus berberis, an evergreen shrub of about 500 plant species found in subtropical and temperate regions but only some of them are investigated and evaluated for their phytochemistry and bioactivity. These plants are spread worldwide and help in the nourishment of humans and animals. Almost all parts of the plant are investigated for pharmacological and phytochemical purposes, including, roots, fruits, stems, buds, seeds, branches, flowers, leaves, and whole plant. Rasaut, an extract of either the stem or root of Berberis aristata is mentioned in the ancient Ayurvedic literature of India for treating indolent ulcers and eye disorders, and B. vulgaris is still used to treat malaria in North America. They have many medicinal properties and compounds that are bioactive like berberine. Berberine possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, and other activities. The plants contain a number of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, and other categories of chemical constituents. The alkaloidal compounds are isolated and evaluated for various activities and are found to be active. The researchers are continuously working to get novel exploration regarding the genus Berberis . Here in the review, traditional and folkloric uses of the genus were also described. Apart from this, they possess numerous activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antiviral and, wound healing and many more. These activities were authenticated by in-vitro and in-vivo methods. The aim of this review is to update and systematically arrange information in one platform. In this review, we extracted the current information from Pubmed, Googlescolar, Scifinder and many more databases.
Keywords: Berberis, genus, phytochemistry, pharmacology, traditional medicine, berbarine.
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Srivastava, S.; Srivastava, M.; Misra, A.; Pandey, G.; Rawat, A. A review on biological and chemical diversity in Berberis (Berberidaceae). EXCLI J.,  2015, 14(14), 247-267.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.17179/excli2014-399] [PMID: 26535033]

[2]
Rajasekaran, A.; Pant, J. The genus Berberis Linn: A review. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2008, 2(4), 369-385.

[3]
Chopra, R.N.; Nayar, S.L. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1956, p. 36.

[4]
Saeidnia, S.; Gohari, A.R.; Kurepaz-Mahmoodabadi, M.; Mokhber-Dezfuli, N. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Berberis species. Pharmacogn. Rev.,  2014, 8(15), 8-15.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.125517] [PMID: 24600191]

[5]
Ahrendt, L.W.A. Berberis and mahonia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc.,  1961, 57(369), 1-410.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1961.tb00889.x]

[6]
Gupta, M.; Singh, A.; Joshi, H.C. Berberis lycium multipotential medicinal application: An overview. Int. J. Chem. Stud.,  2015, 3(4), 10-13.

[7]
Yin, J.; Xing, H.; Ye, J. Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism,  2008, 57(5), 712-717.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.013] [PMID: 18442638]

[8]
Abdykerimova, S.; Sakipova, Z.; Nakonieczna, S.; Koch, W.; Biernasiuk, A.; Grabarska, A.; Malm, A.; Kozhanova, K.; Kukula-Koch, W. Superior antioxidant capacity of Berberis iliensis-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS based phytochemical studies and spectrophotometric determinations. Antioxidants,  2020, 9(6), 504.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060504] [PMID: 32526940]

[9]
Verma, S.; Wani, I.A.; Khan, S.; Sharma, S.; Kumari, P.; Kaushik, P.; El-Serehy, H.A. Reproductive biology and pollination ecology of Berberis lycium Royle: A highly valued shrub of immense medicinal significance. Plants,  2021, 10(9), 1907.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091907] [PMID: 34579437]

[10]
Emamat, H.; Zahedmehr, A.; Asadian, S.; Nasrollahzadeh, J. The effect of barberry (Berberis integerrima) on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement. Med. Ther.,  2022, 22(1), 59.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03539-8] [PMID: 35255880]

[11]
Ghanadian, M.; Azimi, G.; Hakakian, A.; Joumaa, A.; Alamian, S. Bioassay-directed isolation of quaternary benzylisoquinolines from Berberis integerrima with bactericidal activity against Brucella abortus. Res. Pharm. Sci.,  2018, 13(2), 149-158.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-5362.223797] [PMID: 29606969]

[12]
Charehsaz, M.; Sipahi, H.; Celep, E. Üstündağ A.; Ülker, Ö.C.; Duydu, Y.; Aydın, A.; Yesilada, E. Physico-chemical characterization and pharmacological evaluation of sulfated polysaccharides from three species of Mediterranean brown algae of the genus Cystoseira. Daru,  2015, 23, 1-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40199-015-0089-6] [PMID: 25582169]

[13]
Sharma, S.; Gupta, S.; Dhar, M.K.; Kaul, S. Diversity and bioactive potential of culturable fungal endophytes of medicinal shrub Berberis aristate. Mycobiology,  2018, 46(4), 370-381.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1538068] [PMID: 30637145]

[14]
Domínguez, E.; Aguilera, O.; Villa-Martínez, R.; Aravena, J.C.; Henríquez, J.M. Ethnobotanical suvey of Kalau Island, ancestral Kawesqar territory, Magallanes Región, Chile. Inst. Patagon. Ann,  2012, 40, 19-35.

[15]
Işıklı N.D.; Yılmaz, İ. Some physical properties of sun-dried Berberis fruit (Berberis crataegina). J. Food Sci. Technol.,  2014, 51(1), 104-110.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0469-y] [PMID: 24426054]

[16]
Han, L.; Han, Q.; Yang, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, S.; Li, G. Characterization and biological activities of seed oil extracted from Berberis dasystachya Maxim. by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method. Molecules,  2020, 25(8), 1836.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081836] [PMID: 32316267]

[17]
Calfío, C.; Huidobro-Toro, J.P. Potent vasodilator and cellular antioxidant activity of endemic patagoniancalafate berries (Berberis microphylla) with nutraceutical potential. Molecules,  2019, 24(15), 2700.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152700] [PMID: 31349544]

[18]
Ahvazi, M.; Akbarzadeh, M.; Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F.; Kohandel, A. Introduce some of the medicinal plants species with the most traditional usage in East Mazandaran region. Faslnamah-i Giyahan-i Daruyi,  2012, 11(44)

[19]
Alemardan, A.; Asadi, W.; Rezaei, M.; Tabrizi, L.; Mohammadi, S. Cultivation of Iranian seedless barberry (Berberis integerrima ‘Bidaneh’): A medicinal shrub. Ind. Crops Prod.,  2013, 50, 276-287.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.061]

[20]
Zarei, A.; Changizi-Ashtiyani, S.; Taheri, S.; Ramezani, M. A quick overview on some aspects of endocrinological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris L. Avicenna J. Phytomed.,  2015, 5(6), 485-497.
 [PMID: 26693406]

[21]
Vignesh, A. Nutritional assessment, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of traditionally used wild plant, Berberis tinctoria Lesch. Trends Phytochem. Res.,  2021, 5(2), 71-92.

[22]
Huang, T.; Huang, Z. Traditional chinese medicine for treating heart disease and preparation method thereof. CN Patent 112168883, 2021.

[23]
Shrivastav, A.; Mishra, A.K.; Gupta, A. Quantification of marker compound by hptlc-densitometry method and assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of root-bark extract of Berberis aristata with molecular docking by COX-1 and COX-2. Orient. J. Chem.,  2022, 38(2), 302-311.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380210]

[24]
Al-Havi, R.M. Academy of Medical Sciences Islamic Republic of Iran: Tehran, Iran 2005, pp. 227.

[25]
Singh, R.; Katiyar, C.K.; Pasrija, A. Validated HPLC-UV method for the determination of berberine in raw herb Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC), its extract, and in commercially marketed ayurvedic dosage forms. Int. J. Ayurveda Res.,  2010, 1(4), 243-246.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7788.76789] [PMID: 21455453]

[26]
Chander, V.; Aswal, J.S.; Dobhal, R.; Uniyal, D.P. A review on pharmacological potential of Berberine; An active component of Himalayan Berberis aristata. J. Phytopharm.,  2017, 6(1), 53-65.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2017.6108]

[27]
Rehman, T.U.; Kanwal, Z.; Zeb, M.A.; Liaqat, W.; Khan, S.; Xiao, W.L. Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial, antifungal and insecticidal activity of Berberis royleana roots. Pharm. Bioprocess.,  2018, 6(3), 132-137.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186114]

[28]
Belwal, T.; Dhyani, P.; Bhatt, I.D.; Rawal, R.S.; Pande, V. Optimization extraction conditions for improving phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Berberis asiatica fruits using response surface methodology (RSM). Food Chem.,  2016, 207, 115-124.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.081] [PMID: 27080887]

[29]
Ahamad, J.; Kaskoos, R.A.; Ali, F.; Mir, S.R. A critical review on the unexplored therapeutic treasure of Himalayan ayurvedic drug Daruharidra (Berberis aristata). Curr. Tradit. Med.,  2021, 7(3), 355-361.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2215083806999201117160106]

[30]
Nova-Baza, D.; Olivares-Caro, L.; Bustamante, L.; Pérez, A.J.; Vergara, C.; Fuentealba, J.; Mardones, C. Metabolic profile and antioxidant capacity of five Berberis leaves species: A comprehensive study to determine their potential as natural food or ingredient. Food Res. Int.,  2022, 160, 111642.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111642] [PMID: 36076377]

[31]
Sayın, S.; Balcı G. Biochemical contents of fruit and seeds in naturally collected Berberis vulgaris L. types. Erwerbs-Obstbau,  2022, 64(3), 325-331.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00652-3]

[32]
Belwal, T.; Bhatt, I.D.; Cravotto, G. Effect of ultrasound on extraction and stability of polyphenols from Berberis jaeschkeana C.K. Schneid fruits: A comparative study. Sustain. Chem. Pharm.,  2022, 27, 100649.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100649]

[33]
Dauguet, C.J.; Foucher, J.P.; Dolley, J. from leaves of flavonoids Berberis. Plant Med. Phytother.,  1982, 16(1), 16-24.

[34]
Furrianca, M.C.; Alvear, M.; Zambrano, T.; Barrientos, L.; Fajardo, V.; Salazar, L.A. Medicinal value of the Berberis genus as hypoglycemic agent. Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plantas Med. Aromat.,  2015, 14(5), 423-441.

[35]
Kazemipoor, M.; Fadaei Tehrani, P.; Zandi, H.; Golvardi Yazdi, R. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Berberis vulgaris (barberry) against bacteria associated with caries. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res.,  2021, 7(4), 601-608.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cre2.379] [PMID: 33325156]

[36]
Ursula, M.; Michael, M.; Werner, P. Metabolism of cyanidin glycosides of elderberry. In: Biologically-active phytochemicals in food; Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001; pp. 448-452.

[37]
Thanh, B.V.; Anh, N.T.V.; Ha, C.T.T.; Thuy, D.T.T.; Giang, D.H.; Dat, N.T. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic chemical constituents from the trunks of Berberis wallichiana. BioResources,  2022, 17(3), 4297-4305.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4297-4305]

[38]
Rasool, S.; Uttra, M.M.; Saleem, M.; Ahmad, F.; Younus, M.; Abbas, K. Amanullah; Amin, A. Determination of antioxidant and bimolecular protective effect of Berberis calliobotrys Aitch. ex Koehne extracts and essential oil against H2O2 induced oxidative damage to pBR 322 DNA and RBCs. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci.,  2022, 35(2), 465-471.
 [PMID: 35642401]

[39]
Namdeo, P. Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of root extracts of Berberis aristata. J. Pharm. Adv. Res.,  2021, 4(3), 1156-1161.

[40]
Ali, R. Atia-tul-Wahab; Wajid, S.; Khan, M.A.; Yousuf, S.; Shaikh, M.; Hassan Laghari, G.; Rahman, A.; Choudhary, M.I. Isolation, derivatization, in-vitro, and in-silico studies of potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors from Berberis parkeriana Schneid. Bioorg. Chem.,  2022, 127, 105944.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105944] [PMID: 35905644]

[41]
Du, H.; Xu, T.; Yi, H.; Xu, X.; Zhao, C.; Ge, Y.; Zhang, C.; Fan, G. Effect of gut microbiota on the metabolism of chemical constituents of Berberis kansuensis extract based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS technique. Planta Med.,  2022, 88(11), 933-949.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1617-9489] [PMID: 34521131]

[42]
Fernández-Poyatos, M.P.; Ruiz-Medina, A.; Salazar-Mendías, C.; Llorent-Martínez, E.J. Spectrophotometric determination of the antioxidant properties and characterization of the phenolic content by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) of Berberis hispanica. Boiss. & Reut. leaves. Anal. Lett.,  2021, 54(4), 646-657.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2020.1775628]

[43]
Alamzeb, M.; Ali, S. Antileishmanial potential of berberine alkaloids from Berberis glaucocarpa roots: Molecular docking suggests relevant leishmania protein targets. Nat. Prod. Commun.,  2021, 16(9), 1934578X211031148.

[44]
Parra, S.A.; Gaur, K.; Ranawat, L.S.; Rather, M.I. An overview on various aspects of plant Berberis lycium Royale. Am. J. Pharmacol. Sci.,  2018, 6, 19-24.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajps-6-1-4]

[45]
Bukhari, S.M.; Ali, G.; Abbas, S.R.; Anjum, Z.; Ahmed, N.; Munir, A.; Wali, A.; Ayub, M.; Khan, K.; Khames, A.; Musthafa, M.M. Ethnobotanical and biochemical study of Berberis lycium royle collected from different areas of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. eCAM,  2021, 2021, 1-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9916305]

[46]
Tomita, M.; Kugo, T. Alkaloids of Berberidaceous plants-XIX: Alkaloids of B. tschonoskyana I. Isolation of bases. Yakugaku Zasshi,  1956, 79, 317-321.

[47]
Tiwari, K.P.; Masood, M. Chemical constituents of Berberis coriaria. Royle,  1960, 80, 847-849.

[48]
Blasko, G.; Murugesan, N.; Freyer, A.J.; Shamma, M.; Ansari, A.A. Atta-ur-Rahman, Karachine: An unusual protoberberine alkaloid. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,  1982, 104(7), 2039-2041.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00371a049]

[49]
Ahmad, H. Studies on the constituents of Berberis waziristanica and cd studies of chiral metal complexes. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Karachi, 1992.

[50]
Hussain, S.F.; Shamma, M. Kalashine, a novel type aporphine-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid. Tetrahedron Lett.,  1980, 21(35), 3315-3318.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)78677-1]

[51]
Yan, Q.; Li, S.; Feng, M.; Li, W.; Wang, X.; Li, F.; Zhonghua, Z. X. Inhibiting intestinal spasm and anti-inflammatory activities of extraction parts of different polar solvents of Heiguoxiaochai (Berberis heteropoda Schrenk) roots in vitro and preliminary exploration of components By. 2022, 40(3), 115-120.

[52]
Bubicz, M. Occurrence of carotenoids in fruits of the genus Berberis. Bull. Acad Pol. Sci., Ser. Sci. Biol.,  1965, 13(5), 251-255.
 [PMID: 5835401]

[53]
Abudureheman, B.; Zhou, X.; Shu, X.; Chai, Z.; Xu, Y.; Li, S.; Tian, J.; Pan, H.; Ye, X. Evaluation of biochemical properties, antioxidant activities and phenolic content of two wild-grown Berberis fruits: Berberis nummularia and Berberis atrocarpa. Foods,  2022, 11(17), 2569.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172569] [PMID: 36076754]

[54]
Alamzeb, M.; Khan, M.R. Mamoon-Ur-Rashid; Ali, S.; Khan, A.A. Isolation, structure elucidation and enzyme inhibition studies of a new hydroxy ester and other compounds from Berberis jaeschkeana Schneid stem. Nat. Prod. Res.,  2015, 29(17), 1664-1669.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.1000321] [PMID: 25604951]

[55]
Rai, P. Anti-inflammatory herbal formulation: Development and evaluation. World J. Pharm. Res.,  2019, 8(6), 1173-1182.

[56]
Ye, M.; Ren, J.; Wang, X. Soothing and tightening composition and preparation method and application thereof. CN Patent 114732764, 2022.

[57]
Lansong, W.; Ranwang, H.; Lanchao, W.; Chongbin, L. Traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating animal diarrhea, and its preparation method. CN Patent 112972582, 2021.

[58]
Du, X. formulation of Chinese medicine composition for treating acne. CN Patent 112915119, 2021.

[59]
Badri, B.S. A formulation of medicine for treating leucorrhea disease. IN Patent 201911033922, 2021.

[60]
Qi, Y. One kind of allergy and relaxing repair of Chinese medicine compound extract and its preparation method and application.  CN Patent 112315878, 2021.

[61]
Xu, L. Mite-removing antifungal soft film powder and production method thereof. CN Patent 112294736, 2021.

[62]
Kumari, S. Investigating the antioxidant and anticancer effect of alkaloids isolated from root extracts of Berberis aristata. Chem. Data Collect.,  2022, 37, 37100805.

[63]
Kaur, J.; Yadav, D.K.; Sharma, S.; Mohsin, H.; Tyagi, P.K.; Singh, M.R. Isolation and characterization of berberine HCl and cytotoxic effect on the cell line of breast cancer. World J. Pharm. Res.,  2016, 5(4), 1297-1307.

[64]
Balakrishna, A.; Kumar, M.H. Evaluation of synergetic anticancer activity of berberine and curcumin on different models of A549, Hep-G2, MCF-7, Jurkat, and K562 cell lines. BioMed Res. Int.,  2015, 2015, 1-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354614] [PMID: 26247019]

[65]
Liu, L.; Liang, D.; Zheng, Q.; Zhao, M.; Lv, R.; Tang, J.; Chen, N. Berbamine dihydrochloride suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer via RTKs/Akt axis. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2023, 303, 116025.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.116025] [PMID: 36496042]

[66]
Zaib, S.; Saeed Shah, H.; Usman, F.; Shahzadi, K.; Mazhar Asjad, H.; Khan, R.; Dera, A.A.; Adel Pashameah, R.; Alzahrani, E.; Farouk, A.E.; Khan, I. Green synthesis of gelatin‐lipid nanocarriers incorporating Berberis aristata extract for cancer therapy; Physical characterization, pharmacological and molecular modeling analysis. ChemistrySelect,  2022, 7(45), e202203430.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202203430]

[67]
Guo, J.; Li, Y.; Yu, Z.; Chen, L.; Chinnathambi, A.; Almoallim, H.S.; Alharbi, S.A.; Liu, L. Novel green synthesis and characterization of a chemotherapeutic supplement by silver nanoparticles containing Berberis thunbergii leaf for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.,  2022, 69(3), 887-897.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bab.2160] [PMID: 33811673]

[68]
Attuluri, M.L.V.S.; Darwin, R.C. Development, preparation of berberine loaded magnetic nanoparticles by modified co-precipitation method and characterization for enhanced dissolution and stability studies. Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm.,  2022, 16(3), 288-299.

[69]
Kopustinskiene, D.M. Flavonoids as anticancer agents. Nutrients,  2020, 12(2), 457.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020457]

[70]
Hosseinzadeh, A.; Poursoleiman, F.; Biregani, A.N.; Esmailzadeh, A. Flavonoids target different molecules of autophagic and metastatic pathways in cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int.,  2023, 23(1), 114.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-023-02960-4] [PMID: 37308913]

[71]
Ilyas, S.; Tabasum, R.; Iftikhar, A.; Nazir, M.; Hussain, A.; Hussain, A.; Ali, M.S.; Saleem, F.; Saleem, U.; Froeyen, M.; Abdullah, I.; Mirza, M.U.; Ahmad, S. Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity. Sci. Rep.,  2021, 11(1), 1708.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80579-5] [PMID: 33462261]

[72]
Sharifi-Rad, A.; Mehrzad, J.; Darroudi, M.; Saberi, M.R.; Chamani, J. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions comprising Berberine in olive oil: Biological activities, binding mechanisms to human serum albumin or holo-transferrin and QMMD simulations. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.,  2021, 39(3), 1029-1043.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1724568] [PMID: 32000592]

[73]
Ali, A.M.; Hakimelahi, S.; Chamani, J.; Khodarahmi, G.A.; Hassanzadeh, F.; Luo, F.T.; Ly, T.W.; Shia, K.S.; Yen, C-F.; Jain, M.L.; Kulatheeswaran, R. Design, synthesis, and anticancer activity of phosphonic acid diphosphate derivative of adenine-containing butenolide and its water-soluble derivatives of paclitaxel with high antitumor activity. Bio. Med. Chem.,  2003, 11(20), 4303-4313.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896/(03)00524-8]

[74]
Hongmin, L.; Bin, Y.; Yihui, S.; Jingya, Z.; Huiqing, Z.; Saiqi, W. Application of berberine compounds in preparation of anti-tumor drugs. CN Patent 113599380, 2021.

[75]
Liu, L.; Xu, Z.; Yu, B.; Tao, L.; Cao, Y. Berbamine inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces cell death of lung cancer cells via regulating c-Maf, PI3K/Akt, and MDM2-P53 pathways. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.,  2021, 2021, 1-20.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517143] [PMID: 34306137]

[76]
Taheri, R.; Hamzkanlu, N. Exploring the HSA/DNA/lung cancer cells binding behavior of p-Synephrine, a naturally occurring phenyl ethanol amine with anti-adipogenic activity: Multi spectroscopic, molecular dynamic and cellular approaches. J Mol. Liquids,  2022, 368(Part B), 120826.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120826]

[77]
Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A.; Golchin, A.R.; Nazari, K.; Chamani, J.; Saboury, A.A.; Bathaie, S.Z.; Tangestani-Nejad, S. Microcalorimetry, energetics and binding studies of DNA-dimethyltin dichloride complexes. Thermochim. Acta,  2004, 414(2), 233-241.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.01.007]

[78]
Malek-Esfandiari, Z.; Rezvani-Noghani, A.; Sohrabi, T.; Mokaberi, P.; Amiri-Tehranizadeh, Z.; Chamani, J. Molecular dynamics and multi-spectroscopic of the interaction behavior between bladder cancer cells and calf thymus DNA with rebeccamycin: Apoptosis through the down regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J. Fluoresc.,  2023, 33(4), 1537-1557.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-023-03169-4] [PMID: 36787038]

[79]
Sood, H.; Kumar, Y.; Gupta, V.K.; Arora, D.S. Scientific validation of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Berberis aristata DC root bark, its phytoconstituents and their biosafety. AMB Express,  2019, 9(1), 143.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13568-019-0868-4] [PMID: 31512002]

[80]
Ghorbani, N.; Sahebari, M.; Mahmoudi, M.; Rastin, M.; Zamani, S.; Zamani, M. Berberine inhibits the gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines by mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis and healthy individuals. Curr. Rheumatol. Rev.,  2021, 17(1), 113-121.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573397116666200907111303] [PMID: 32895042]

[81]
Sharma, R.; Goyal, N.; Singla, M.; Sharma, V.L. Berberis aristata ameliorates testicular toxicity induced by combination of first-line tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin+ isoniazid+ pyrazinamide) in normal Wistar rats. J. Diet. Suppl.,  2019, 16(4), 417-430.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2018.1470127] [PMID: 29953299]

[82]
Khan, M.I.; Rahman, M.A.; Khalid, M.; Khushtar, M.; Mujahid, M. Quality control standardization and evaluation of antimicrobial potential of Daruhaldi (Berberis aristata DC) stem bark. J. Diet. Suppl.,  2020, 17(1), 97-109.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2018.1484405] [PMID: 30289011]

[83]
Saddal, S.K.; Telang, T.; Bhange, V.P.; Kopulwar, A.; Santra, S.; Soni, M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using stem extract of Berberis aristata and to study its characterization and antimicrobial activity. J. Pharm. Res.,  2018, 12(6), 840.

[84]
Chandel, S.; Bagai, U.; Semwal, R.B.; Semwal, D.K. Antiplasmodial activity of aqueous extract of Berberis aristata roots against Plasmodium berghei-infected BALB/c mice. Pharm. Biol.,  2015, 53(12), 1735-1740.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1005750] [PMID: 25858288]

[85]
Ahmad, N.; Shakil, A.; Shinwari, Z.k.; Ahmad, I.; Wahab, A. Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activities of extracts and its derived fractions obtained from Berberis vulgaris L. and Stellaria media L. leaves. Pak. J. Bot.,  2022, 54(4), 1517-1521.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.30848/PJB2044-4(15)]

[86]
Uddin, S.; Iqbal, J.; Safdar, L.B.; Ahmad, S.; Abbasi, B.A.; Capasso, R.; Kazi, M.; Quraihi, U.M. Green synthesis of BPL-NiONPs using leaf extract of Berberis pachyacantha: Characterization and multiple in vitro biological applications. Molecules,  2022, 27(7), 2064.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072064] [PMID: 35408462]

[87]
El-Zahar, K.M.; Al-Jamaan, M.E.; Al-Mutairi, F.R.; Al-Hudiab, A.M.; Al-Einzi, M.S.; Mohamed, A.A.Z. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the ethanolic extract obtained from Berberis vulgaris roots and leaves. Molecules,  2022, 27(18), 6114.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186114] [PMID: 36144846]

[88]
Chandra, H.; Patel, D.; Kumari, P.; Jangwan, J.S.; Yadav, S. Phyto-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles of Berberis aristata: Characterization, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity with special reference to urinary tract pathogens. Mater. Sci. Eng. C,  2019, 102, 212-220.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.035] [PMID: 31146992]

[89]
Thakur, P.; Chawla, R.; Narula, A.; Goel, R.; Arora, R.; Sharma, R.K. In vitro bactericidal activity of Berberis aristata extract against clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. J. Complement. Integr. Med.,  2016, 13(3), 229-237.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2015-0066] [PMID: 27101558]

[90]
Khan, A.K.; Kaleem, S.; Pervaiz, F.; Sherazi, T.A.; Khan, S.A.; Khan, F.A.; Jamshaid, T.; Umar, M.I.; Hassan, W.; Ijaz, M.; Murtaza, G. Antibacterial and wound healing potential of electrospun PVA/MMT nanofibers containing root extract of Berberis lycium. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol.,  2023, 79, 103987.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103987]

[91]
Muhammad, I.; Niaz, S.; Hussain, A.; Ahmad, S.; Rahman, N.; Khan, H.; Ali, A.; Ali, A. Molecular docking and in vitro analysis of fagonia cretica and Berberis lyceum extracts against brucella melitensis. Curr. Computeraided Drug Des.,  2021, 17(7), 946-956.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573409916666200612145712] [PMID: 32532195]

[92]
Gul, Z.; Akbar, A.; Leghari, S.K. Elucidating therapeutic and biological potential of Berberis baluchistanica Ahrendt bark, leaf, and root extracts. Front. Microbiol.,  2022, 13, 823673.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.823673] [PMID: 35356526]

[93]
Sazvar, E.; Jahani, M.; Aminifard, M.H.; Hosseini, S.A. In vitro and in vivo control of Alternaria alternata in barberry (Berberis vulgaris) by some essential oils. Erwerbs-Obstbau,  2022, 64(3), 413-423.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00645-2]

[94]
Das, S.; Mazumder, P.M.; Das, S. Antioxidant potential of methanol stem extract of Berberis aristata DC and berberine-a bioactive compound isolated from Berberis aristata DC. Int. J. Pharm. Bio. Sci.,  2015, 6(4), 349-360.

[95]
Nag, G.; Pradhan, I.D.; Gupta, P.; De, B. Analysis of antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties and chemical composition of some indian Himalayan species of Berberis: A comparative study. Free Radic. Antioxid.,  2022, 12(1), 22-26.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/fra.2022.1.4]

[96]
Zhou, W.; Han, L.; Haidar, A.R.S.; Yue, Q.; Sun, S.; Zhao, Y.; Lv, L.; Deng, Y.; Yuan, Z.; Alsharif, I.; Mohammedsaleh, Z.M.; Alaryani, F.S.; Alhumaidi Alotaibi, M.; Albiheyri, R.; Al-Sarraj, F.; Hasan Mukhtar, M. Polysaccharides in Berberis dasystachya improve intestinal flora depending on the molecular weight and ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats. J. Funct. Foods,  2023, 100, 105381.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105381]

[97]
Shahid, M.; Rahim, T.; Shahzad, A.; Latif, T.A.; Fatma, T.; Rashid, M.; Raza, A.; Mustafa, S. Ethnobotanical studies on Berberis aristata DC. root extracts. Afr. J. Biotechnol.,  2009, 8(4), 556-563.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9093]

[98]
Nasreen, B.; Srisailam, K.R.V.U. Investigation of in vitro anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitory activities of Rosmarinus officinalis. J. Chem. Pharm. Res.,  2016, 8(4), 327-331.

[99]
Dabhade, S.A.; Dabhade, S.S.; Rane, B.T.; Tiwari, S.A. The study of the effects of medicinal herb Indian barberry (Berberis aristata) on analgesic, wound healing and antiinflammatory in experimental animals. World J. Pharm. Res.,  2015, 4(8), 2656-2663.

[100]
Del Gaudio, M.P.; Kraus, S.I.; Melzer, T.M.; Bustos, P.S.; Ortega, M.G. Antinociceptive effect and identification of berberine alkaloid in Berberis ruscifolia extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2023, 305, 116066.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.116066] [PMID: 36577491]

[101]
Naz, I.; Masoud, M.S.; Chauhdary, Z.; Shah, M.A.; Panichayupakaranant, P. Anti‐inflammatory potential of berberine‐rich extract via modulation of inflammation biomarkers. J. Food Biochem.,  2022, 46(12), e14389.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14389] [PMID: 36121315]

[102]
Pervez, S.; Saeed, M.; Khan, H.; Ghaffar, R. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory like effects of Berberis baluchistanica. Curr. Mol. Pharmacol.,  2021, 14(5), 746-752.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666201204153045] [PMID: 33280601]

[103]
Hashemzaei, M.; Rezaee, R. A review on pain‐relieving activity of berberine. Phytother. Res.,  2021, 35(6), 2846-2853.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6984] [PMID: 33340158]

[104]
Xin, L. Pharmaceutical ointment for preventing and treating acne, and its preparation method. CN Patent 112972594, 2021.

[105]
Emamat, H.; Asadian, S.; Zahedmehr, A.; Ghanavati, M.; Nasrollahzadeh, J. The effect of barberry (Berberis vulgaris) consumption on flow‐mediated dilation and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother. Res.,  2021, 35(5), 2607-2615.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7000] [PMID: 33350540]

[106]
Soltani, R.; Ghanadian, S.M.; Iraj, B.; Homayouni, A.; Esfahani, T.S.; Akbari, M. The Effects of Berberis integerrima fruit extract on glycemic control parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.,  2021, 2021, 1-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583691] [PMID: 34285701]

[107]
Soltani, R.; Ghanadian, S.M.; Iraj, B.; Homayouni, A.; Esfahani, T.S.; Akbari, M. The effects of Berberis integerrima fruit extract on glycemic control parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. eCAM,  2009, 6(4), 702-708.

[108]
Singh, J.; Kakkar, P. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of Berberis aristata root extract and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2009, 123(1), 22-26.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.02.038] [PMID: 19429334]

[109]
Mir, M.A.; Manhas, K.; Jassal, M.M. Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of various extracts of Berberis aristata. Indo Am. J. Pharm. Sci.,  2017, 4(11), 4516-4524.

[110]
Hameed, P.C.; Prasad, N. Lecithin-berberine nanoparticles for diabetes. Gbks India,  2022, 05-27.

[111]
Mittal, M.; Mittal, P.; Arulsamy, E.P.; Vijay, J.; Singh, A. Polyherbal formulation for the management of diabetes and cytoprotection. IN Patent 202211048737, 2022.

[112]
Moein, S.; Moein, M.; Javid, H. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of anthocyanin isolated from Berberis integerrima bunge fruits: A model of antidiabetic compounds. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med.,  2022, 2022, 1-6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6529590] [PMID: 35295927]

[113]
Xu, T.; Ge, Y.; Du, H.; Li, Q.; Xu, X.; Yi, H.; Wu, X.; Kuang, T.; Fan, G.; Zhang, Y. Berberis kansuensis extract alleviates type 2 diabetes in rats by regulating gut microbiota composition. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2021, 273, 113995.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113995] [PMID: 33675912]

[114]
Gautam, S.; Sachan, N.; Shrivastav, A.; Pal, D. Evaluation of antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Abies webbiana and Berberis aristata in laboratory animals. J. Drug Deliv. Ther.,  2019, 9(1), 244-247.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2290]

[115]
Khan, S.W.; Khatoon, S.U. Ethnobotanical studies on useful trees and shrubs of Haramosh and Bugrote valleys in Gilgit northern areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot.,  2007, 39(3), 699-710.

[116]
Chao, S.; Mizna, J.; Sidra, Y.; Ghulam, M.; Jie, G. In silico and in vivo wound healing potential of Berberis lyceum. Lat. Am. J. Pharm.,  2022, 41(11), 2209-2219.

[117]
Bhusari, S.S.; Wakte, P. Anti-hepatotoxic effect and phytochemical analysis of Berberis aristata bark against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci.,  2019, 9(1), 616-621.

[118]
Kathem, S.H.; Abdulsahib, W.K.; Zalzala, M.H. Berbamine and thymoquinone exert protective effects against immune-mediated liver injury via NF-κB dependent pathway. Front. Vet. Sci.,  2022, 9, 960981.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.960981] [PMID: 35958317]

[119]
Thalla, S. Hepatoprotective activity of a combination of hydroalcoholic extracts of Berberis aristata and Cichorium intybus. linn on rifampicin-isoniazid induced hepatic damage in rats. J. Pharm. Negat. Results,  2022, 13(9), 4038-4044.

[120]
Gholampour, F.; Masoudi, R.; Khaledi, M.; Rooyeh, M.M.; Farzad, S.H.; Ataellahi, F.; Abtahi, S.L.; Owji, S.M. Berberis integerrima hydro-alcoholic root extract and its constituent berberine protect against cisplatin-induced nephro- and hepato-toxicity. Am. J. Med. Sci.,  2022, 364(1), 76-87.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2021.10.037] [PMID: 35427583]

[121]
Zhu, J.; Huang, L.; Gao, F.; Jian, W.; Chen, H.; Liao, M.; Qi, W. Berbamine hydrochloride inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vitro. Molecules,  2022, 28(1), 170.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010170] [PMID: 36615369]

[122]
Kapitonova, M.; Gupalo, S.; Alyautdin, R.; Ibrahim, I.A.A.; Salim, N.; Ahmad, A.; Talip, S.B.; Nwe, T.M.; Morokhina, S. Gastroprotective effect of Berberis vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury: Histopathological evaluations. Avicenna J. Phytomed.,  2022, 12(1), 30-41.
 [PMID: 35145893]

[123]
Yeşilada, E.; Küpeli, E. Berberis crataegina DC. root exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and febrifuge effects in mice and rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2002, 79(2), 237-248.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00387-7] [PMID: 11801387]

[124]
Majeed, W.; Aslam, B.; Javed, I.; Khaliq, T.; Muhammad, F.; Ali, A.; Raza, A. Histopathological evaluation of gastro protective effect of Berberis vulgaris (Zereshk) seeds against aspirin induced ulcer in albino mice. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci.,  2015, 28(6), 1953-1958.
 [PMID: 26639472]

[125]
Namdeo, P.; Pandole, M.; Singh, P. Antiulcerogenic effect of methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium linn by pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulceration. J. Drug Deliv. Ther.,  2021, 11(4-S), 9-14.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4-S.4966]

[126]
Kumar, R.; Nair, V.; Gupta, Y.K.; Singh, S.; Arunraja, S. Berberis aristata ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibition of NF-κB and activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/hem oxygenase (HO)-1 signaling pathway. Immunol. Invest.,  2016, 45(6), 473-489.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820139.2016.1172638] [PMID: 27294302]

[127]
Huang, S.; Wang, T.; Wang, M.; Gao, L.; Yuan, R.; Zhuoma, D.; Li, B. With rheumatoid arthritis treatment effect of tibetan medicine prescription, its preparation method and application. CN Patent 114848703, 2022.

[128]
Sharma, A.; Tirpude, N.V.; Bhardwaj, N.; Kumar, D.; Padwad, Y. Berberis lycium fruit extract and its phytoconstituents berberine and rutin mitigate collagen-CFA-induced arthritis (CIA) via improving GSK3β/STAT/Akt/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling axis mediated oxi-inflammation and joint articular damage in murine model. Inflammopharmacology,  2022, 30(2), 655-666.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-00941-z] [PMID: 35254584]

[129]
Aggarwal, V. Herbal composition containing Shallaki extract for treating gout. IN Patent 201911046754, 2021.

[130]
Rad, E.S.; Eidi, A.; Minai-Tehrani, D.; Bonakdar, S.; Shoeibi, S. Neuroprotective effect of root extracts of Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) on oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells. J. Pharmacopuncture,  2022, 25(3), 216-223.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2022.25.3.216] [PMID: 36186093]

[131]
Shreenivasan, Y.S.; Keerthana, S.; Praveena, A.; Dhasarathan, P. Revealing Berberis aristata potential as an anti-viral agent to combat Paramyxoviridae infection. J. Environ. Biol.,  2022, 43(4), 520-526.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/4/MRN-2006]

[132]
Brice Landry, K.; Tariq, S.; Malik, A.; Sufyan, M.; Ashfaq, U.A.; Ijaz, B.; Shahid, A.A. Berberis lyceum and Fumaria indica: In vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and in silico screening of their selected phytochemicals as novel hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitors. J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn.,  2022, 40(17), 7829-7851.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.1902395] [PMID: 33764266]

[133]
Rajsekhar, P.B.; Rajsekhar, S.; Vardhini, P. Pharmaceutical composition for treatment or prevention of dengue virus. IN Patent 202041013085, 2021.

[134]
Malik, T.A.; Kamili, A.N.; Chishti, M.Z.; Tanveer, S.; Ahad, S.; Johri, R.K. In vivo anticoccidial activity of berberine [18, 5,6-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxybenzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(5,6-a) quinolizinium] - An isoquinoline alkaloid present in the root bark of Berberis lycium. Phytomedicine,  2014, 21(5), 663-669.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.11.005] [PMID: 24411651]

[135]
Hussain Shah, S.A.; Aleem, A. Investigations of plausible pharmacodynamics supporting the antispasmodic, bronchodilator, and antidiarrheal activities of Berberis lycium Royle. via in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2023, 305, 116115.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.116115] [PMID: 36587881]

[136]
Wang, J.; Yang, G.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J.; Zou, Y.; Wang, J. Berbamine hydrochloride inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication via interfering in late-stage autophagy. Virus Res.,  2022, 321, 198905.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198905] [PMID: 36064041]

[137]
Joshi, T.; Bhat, S.; Pundir, H.; Chandra, S. Identification of berbamine, oxyacanthine and rutin from Berberis asiatica as anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds: An in silico study. J. Mol. Graph. Model.,  2021, 109, 108028.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108028] [PMID: 34649146]

[138]
Emamat, H.; Zahedmehr, A.; Asadian, S.; Nasrollahzadeh, J. The effect of purple-black barberry (Berberis integerrima) on blood pressure in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2022, 289, 115097.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115097] [PMID: 35150818]

[139]
Miao, X.; Cui, W. Berberine alleviates LPS-induced apoptosis, oxidation, and skewed lineages during mouse preimplantation development. Biol. Reprod.,  2022, 106(4), 699-709.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioac002] [PMID: 35024788]

[140]
Singh, H.; Singh, N. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Berberis lycium: The possibilities of TLC-MS bioautography and in silico study. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res.,  2022, 56(1), 207-214.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.1.24]

[141]
Noor, N.; Alamgeer, Irfan, H.M.; Akram, M.; Arshad, L.; Alotaibi, N.H.; Alharbi, K.S.; Abbas Bukhari, S.N.; Althobaiti, Y.S.; Ullah, A. Pharmacological evaluation of cardioprotective potential of Berberis orthobotrys Bien.ex Aitch. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci.,  2022, 35(S1), 171-175.
 [PMID: 35228174]

[142]
Parveen, S.; Mahmood, T.; Siddiqui, M.H.; Mishra, A.; Shariq, M.; Shamim, A.; Ahsan, F.; Kazmi, M.T. Formulation and scrutinization of a polyherbal combination containing Berberis aristata, Andrographis paniculata and Thevetia peruviana for its in vitro antioxidant and anti-cancer potential. J. Pharm. Res.,  2022, 26(5), 1295-1303.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/jrp.221]

[143]
Nuralın, L.; Gürü, M. Berberis vulgaris fruit: Determination of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and soxhlet methods using HPLC. Food Anal. Methods,  2022, 15(4), 877-889.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02136-8] [PMID: 34812272]

[144]
Zhou, B.; Wang, X.; Zhang, F.; Lai, X.X.; Li, X.; Yhi, S.L. Berberis julianae animal medicine and preparation method and application. CN Patent 113384599, 2021.

[145]
Xie, H.; Chen, S.; Zhang, Y.; Qi, G.; Chen, X.; Huang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Wang, X.; Deng, L.; Liu, Z. Tobacco seed germination-promoting, stress-resistant and strong seedling composition, preparation and use method. CN Patent 113349227A, 2021.

[146]
Li, R.; Ai, X.; Hou, Y.; Lai, X.; Meng, X.; Wang, X. Amelioration of diabetic retinopathy in db/db mice by treatment with different proportional three active ingredients from Tibetan medicine Berberis dictyophylla F. J. Ethnopharmacol.,  2021, 276, 114190.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114190] [PMID: 33964362]

[147]
Panahi, R.; Jafarirad, S.; Samadi, A.; Barzegar, A. Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence properties of novel porous Fe/ZnO nano-hybrid assemblies by using Berberis thunbergii extract. J. Fluoresc.,  2021, 31(4), 1191-1202.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02726-z] [PMID: 34037895]

[148]
Bilal, M.; Ahmad, S.; Rehman, T.; Ghauri, A.O.; Khalid, S.; Abbasi, W.M.; Zakki, S.A. Anti-hyperuricemic and uricosuric potential of Berberis vulgaris in oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Dose Response,  2021, 19(3), 15593258211040329.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258211040329] [PMID: 34483784]

[149]
Dabaghzadeh, F.; Sharififar, F.; Ahmadzadeh, A.M.; Karami-Mohajeri, S. The effects of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on the opiate withdrawal syndrome and psychological factors: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol.,  2023, 34(4), 465-472.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0327] [PMID: 34147041]

[150]
Hosseinzadeh, M.; Nikjoo, S.; Zare, N.; Delavar, D.; Beigoli, S.; Chamani, J. Characterization of the structural changes of human serum albumin upon interaction with single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes: spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches. Res. Chem. Intermed.,  2019, 45(2), 401-423.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11164-018-3608-5]

[151]
Maheri, H.; Hashemzadeh, F.; Shakibapour, N.; Kamelniya, E.; Malaekeh-Nikouei, B.; Mokaberi, P.; Chamani, J. Glucokinase activity enhancement by cellulose nanocrystals isolated from jujube seed: A novel perspective for type II diabetes mellitus treatment (in vitro). J. Mol. Struct.,  2022, 1269(5), 133803.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133803]

[152]
Kalhori, F.; Yazdyani, H.; Khademorezaeian, F.; Hamzkanloo, N.; Mokaberi, P.; Hosseini, S.; Chamani, J. Enzyme activity inhibition properties of new cellulose nanocrystals from Citrus medica L. pericarp: A perspective of cholesterol lowering. Luminescence,  2022, 37(11), 1836-1845.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.4360] [PMID: 35946171]
Cite As
Current Organic Chemistry

A Review on Folklore Uses, Phytoconstituents and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Berberis

Abstract

Graphical Abstract
