Abstract

In recent years, the convergence of two distinct nanomaterials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and peptides, has ushered in a new era of innovation in cancer therapeutics and biomedical research. GQDs, quasi-zero-dimensional graphene structures, have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable physicochemical properties, including excellent photoluminescence, high surface area, and biocompatibility [1]. Meanwhile, peptides, short amino acid sequences, have proven themselves as versatile molecular entities with a crucial role in cellular targeting, signaling, and communication. The convergence of these two domains, GQDs and peptides, has opened up exciting opportunities for developing novel nanocarriers and therapeutic platforms for the effective treatment of cancer [2]. The ligation of GQDs and peptides capitalizes on the unique properties of both components. GQDs exhibit exceptional optical properties, making them suitable for imaging and sensing applications [3]. Their high surface area allows for efficient drug loading, while their biocompatibility ensures minimal cytotoxicity. On the other hand, peptides offer molecular specificity, allowing for precise targeting of cancer cells and tissues. By combining these properties, GQD-peptide nanostructures can deliver therapeutic payloads to cancer sites with remarkable accuracy [4].