Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern worldwide. It raises morbidity and mortality and is connected with substantial/significant economic costs. Effective prevention and treatment of an increasing number of diseases caused by pathogens that can no longer be treated with conventional drugs are threatened by antimicrobial resistance. AMS programme helps to encourage the appropriate use of antimicrobials. The rise and spread of antibiotic resistance and strategies to combat it are the main topics of this review. Antimicrobial stewardship programme is a healthcare strategy that optimizes the use of antibiotics and promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials through the adoption of evidencebased interventions. AMS programme helps to encourage the right use of antimicrobials. This coordinated approach enhances patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and slows the spread of diseases brought on by multidrug-resistant organisms. The growth of antibiotic resistance and the strategies for battling it have been the main topics of this review.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, clinical pharmacist, infectious disease, economic cost pollutants.