Author(s): Wolfram Eichler, Yousef Yafai, Peter Wiedemann and Dorte Fengler
Page: [2645 - 2660] Pages: 16
* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)
Neovascularization is a common and potentially visually threatening complication of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). An antiangiogenic therapy is aimed at inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels and should prevent onset or progression of neovascularization. Accumulated evidence indicates that growth factors, endothelial cell surface receptors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major mediators of neovascularization and appealing targets for pharmacotherapeutical intervention. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization (in linking tissue ischemia to angiogenesis), and is likely to contribute also significantly to choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Several antineovascular agents antagonize the function of VEGF, by blocking its proangiogenic activity. Indeed, VEGF targeting or disruption of VEGF signalling is the most effective strategy known so far in the pharmacological treatment of ocular neovascularization. Other compounds such as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) either aim at balancing the levels of pro-angiogenic and angiostatic molecules, target inflammation (cyclooxygenase inhibitors, steroids) or comprise modifiers of the ECM such as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and agents that block the action of integrins. Vascular targeting agents (combretastatin) promote removal of newly formed vessels. This review provides an update on recent investigations directed at the pharmacotherapeutical management of ocular neovascular diseases, placing special emphasis on the underlying target molecules and relevant intracellular signalling pathways.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, pharmacotherapy, retina, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration
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CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"article" as access_level, j.issue_id, j.article_id from `user_access_article_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59873226 and j.to_ip >=59873226 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1736151077 and j.to_date >= 1736151077 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.article_id = 1360)
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select * from `article` where `first_page` < '2645' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 205 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) desc limit 1
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select * from `article` where `last_page` > '2660' and is_uploaded = 1 and issue_id = 205 order by cast(first_page as SIGNED) asc limit 1
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select `language_id` from `multilanguage` where `short_code` = 'en'
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select `source_lang_label`, `target_lang_label` from `multilanguage_labels` where `target_lang_id` = 1
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select `id` from `multilanguage_article` where `article_id` = 1360 limit 1
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select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `bd`.`content_id` where `b`.`banner_journal` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'J' and `bd`.`content_id` = 29 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1736151077 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1736151077 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
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select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='58def6ec47ade3e1056a1358d5b1ad0e'
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|
200
[]
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