Current Materials Science

Author(s): Samidha Shelar, Subhalaxmi Pradhan and Chandu S. Madankar*

DOI: 10.2174/2666145417666230915103802

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
An Approach for Microencapsulation of Melaleuca alternifolia Oil using Different Techniques and its Application

Page: [134 - 148] Pages: 15

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Tea tree oil (TTO) is a widely known essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves naturally having antimicrobial and antibacterial activities. Tea tree oil is widely used in a variety of industries, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, medicine, food, textiles, as well as cosmetic and hygiene products. To overcome the limitation of tea tree oil being highly volatile and reactive, microencapsulation has become one of the preferred methods to retain and control these compounds. This review explores the different techniques for encapsulating tea tree oil. Along with a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and applications of microencapsulated tea tree oil, microencapsulation techniques and the available technologies are also discussed.

Keywords: Tea tree oil, essential oil, microencapsulation techniques, applications, microencapsulated, complex coacervation.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Carson, C.F.; Hammer, K.A.; Riley, T.V. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2006, 19(1), 50-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.19.1.50-62.2006] [PMID: 16418522]
[2]
Australian tea tree oil: A natural antiseptic and fungicidal agent. Australian Journal Of Pharm, 1991, 72, 802-803.
[3]
de Groot, A.C.; Schmidt, E. Tea tree oil: Contact allergy and chemical composition. Contact Dermat., 2016, 75(3), 129-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cod.12591]
[4]
The germicidal values of the pure constituents of Australian essential oils, together with those for some essential oil isolates and synthetics. 1924.
[5]
Sidra, S. Pharmacological attributes and nutritional benefits of tea tree oil. Int. J. Biosci., 2014, 5(2), 80-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/5.2.80-91]
[6]
Sunita Lahkar, M.K.D. An Overview on Tea Tree (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Oil. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacological Res, 2013, 3(3), 250-253.
[7]
Brophy, J.J.; Davies, N.W.; Southwell, I.A.; Stiff, I.A.; Williams, L.R. Gas chromatographic quality control for oil of Melaleuca terpinen-4-ol type (Australian tea tree). J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37(5), 1330-1335.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00089a027]
[8]
Homer, L.E.; Leach, D.N.; Lea, D.; Slade Lee, L.; Henry, R.J.; Baverstock, P.R. Natural variation in the essential oil content of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (Myrtaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28(4), 367-382.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00071-X] [PMID: 10725593]
[9]
International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO4730:2004. Oil of Melaleuca, terpinen - 4 - ol type (tea tree oil). International Organisation for Standardisation, 2004, 2, 1-7.
[10]
Young, R.; Tisserand, R. EssentialOil Safety, 2nd ed; Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: UK, 2014, pp. 440-445.
[11]
Carvalho, I.T. Review Article Application of microencapsulated essential oils in cosmetic and personal healthcare products. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., 2016, 38(2), 109-119.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12232] [PMID: 25923295]
[12]
Microencapsulation. Wiley- VCH 2012, 23, 157-71.
[13]
Singh, M.N.; Hemant, K.S.; Ram, M.; Shivakumar, H.G. Microencapsulation: A promising technique for controlled drug delivery. Res. Pharm. Sci., 2010, 5(2), 65-77.
[PMID: 21589795]
[14]
Lam, K.C.S. Microencapsulation: past, present and future. Minerva Biotecnol., 2010, 22, 23-28.
[15]
Fang, Z.; Bhandari, B. Encapsulation of polyphenols-a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 2010, 21(10), 510-523.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2010.08.003]
[16]
Singh, M.; Menra, J.S.D.M.; Soni, M.; Prasad, D.N. Microencapsulation and its various aspects: A Review. Int. J. Adv. Res., 2016, 4(6), 2094-2108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/726]
[17]
Gharsallaoui, A.; Roudaut, G.; Chambin, O.; Voilley, A.; Saurel, R. Applications of spray-drying in microencapsulation of food ingredients: An overview. Food Res. Int., 2007, 40(9), 1107-1121.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2007.07.004]
[18]
Soraya, G. Micro/nanoencapsulation of essential oils and fragrances: Focus on perfumed, antimicrobial, mosquito-repellent and medical textiles. J. Microencapsul., 2016, 33(6), 497-510.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2016.1216187] [PMID: 27701985]
[19]
Fernandes, R.V.B.; Borges, S.V.; Botrel, D.A. Gum arabic/starch/maltodextrin/inulin as wall materials on the microencapsulation of rosemary essential oil. Carbohydr. Polym., 2014, 101, 524-532.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.083] [PMID: 24299808]
[20]
Krishnan, S.; Bhosale, R.; Singhal, R. Microencapsulation of cardamom oleoresin: Evaluation of blends of gum arabic, maltodextrin and a modified starch as wall materials. Carbohydr. Polym., 2005, 61(1), 95-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.02.020]
[21]
Kanakdande, D.; Bhosale, R.; Singhal, R.S. Stability of cumin oleoresin microencapsulated in different combination of gum arabic, maltodextrin and modified starch. Carbohydr. Polym., 2007, 67(4), 536-541.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.06.023]
[22]
Bakry, A.M.; Abbas, S.; Ali, B. Microencapsulation of oils: A comprehensive review of benefits, techniques, and applications. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 2016, 15(1), 143-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12179] [PMID: 33371581]
[23]
Microencapsulation using coacervation phase-separation: an overview of the technique and applications. 2000.
[24]
Soest, J. Encapsulation of fragrances and flavours: A way to control odour and aroma in consumer products. In: Flavours and Fragrances: Chemistry, Bioprocessing and Sustainability; Berger, R.G., Ed.; Springer: Germany, 2007; p. 439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49339-6_20]
[25]
I Ré M. Microencapsulation by spray drying. Dry. Technol., 1998, 16(6), 1195-1236.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939808917460]
[26]
Spray Drying Handbook, 4th ed; Halsted Press. J. Wiley & Sons Inc. Publishers: New York, 1985, p. 696.
[27]
Figueiredo, J.A.; Silva, C.R.P.; Souza Oliveira, M.F. Microencapsulation by spray chilling in the food industry: Opportunities, challenges, and innovations. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 2022, 120, 274-287.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.026]
[28]
Watts, P.J.; Davies, M.C.; Melia, C.D. Microencapsulation using emulsification/solvent evaporation: An overview of techniques and applications. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst., 1990, 7(3), 235-259.
[PMID: 2073688]
[29]
Huajiang, H. Microencapsulation Based on Emulsification for Producing Pharmaceutical Products: A Literature Review. Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng., 2008, 14(3-4), 515-544.
[30]
Perignon, C.; Ongmayeb, G.; Neufeld, R.; Frere, Y.; Poncelet, D. Microencapsulation by interfacial polymerisation: membrane formation and structure. J. Microencapsul., 2015, 32(1), 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2014.950711] [PMID: 25265057]
[31]
Gander, B. 2013.
[32]
Ducel, V.; Richard, J.; Saulnier, P.; Popineau, Y.; Boury, F. Evidence and characterization of complex coacervates containing plant proteins: application to the microencapsulation of oil droplets. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 2004, 232(2-3), 239-247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2003.11.001]
[33]
Lin, D.; Lu, W.; Kelly, A.L.; Zhang, L.; Zheng, B.; Miao, S. Interactions of vegetable proteins with other polymers: Structure-function relationships and applications in the food industry. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 2017, 68, 130-144.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.006]
[34]
De Kruif, C.G.; Weinbreck, F. Vries. Complex coacervation of Protein and anionic polysaccharides. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci., 2004, 9(5), 340-349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2004.09.006]
[35]
Ortega-Rivas, E.P.J. Food powders: physical properties, processing, and functionality; Springer Science & Business Media: New York, 2006, p. 372.
[36]
Pu, J.; Bankston, J.D.; Sathivel, S. Developing microencapsulated flaxseed oil containing shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) astaxanthin using a pilot scale spray dryer. Biosyst. Eng., 2011, 108(2), 121-132.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.11.005]
[37]
Schafroth, N.; Arpagaus, C.; Jadhav, U.Y.; Makne, S.; Douroumis, D. Nano and microparticle engineering of water insoluble drugs using a novel spray-drying process. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2012, 90, 8-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.09.038] [PMID: 22019455]
[38]
Judson King, C. Spray Drying: Retention of Volatile Compounds Revisited. Dry. Technol., 1995, 13(5-7), 1221-1240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373939508917018]
[39]
Nguyen, T.T.T.; Le, T.V.A.; Dang, N.N. Microencapsulation of essential oils by spray-drying and influencing factors. J. Food Qual., 2021, 2021, 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525879]
[40]
Liu, X-D.; Atarashi, T.; Furuta, T. Microencapsulation of emulsified hydrophobic flavors by spray drying. Dry. Technol., 2001, 19(7), 1361-1374.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DRT-100105293]
[41]
Drusch, S. Sugar beet pectin: A novel emulsifying wall component for microencapsulation of lipophilic food ingredients by spray-drying. Food Hydrocoll., 2007, 21(7), 1223-1228.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.08.007]
[42]
Rosenberg, M.; Kopelman, I.J.; Talmon, Y. Factors affecting retention in spray-drying microencapsulation of volatile materials. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38(5), 1288-1294.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a030]
[43]
Gallo, L.; Llabot, J.M.; Allemandi, D.; Bucalá, V.; Piña, J. Influence of spray-drying operating conditions on Rhamnus purshiana (C’ascara sagrada) extract powder physical properties. Powder Technol 208:205–14. Powder Technol., 2011, 208(1), 205-214.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.12.021]
[44]
Soliman, E.A.; El-Moghazy, A.Y.; El-Din, M.S.M.; Massoud, M.A. Microencapsulation of essential oils within alginate: formulation and in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, 2013, 3(1), 48-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jeas.2013.31006]
[45]
Hwang, J-S.; Kim, J-N.; Wee, Y-J. Preparation and characterization of melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsules containing fragrant oil. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.; BBE, 2006, 11(4), 332-336.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03026249]
[46]
Arshady, R.; George, M.H. Suspension, dispersion, and interfacial polycondensation: A methodological survey. Polym. Eng. Sci., 1993, 33(14), 865-876.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331402]
[47]
Nguon, O.; Lagugné-Labarthet, F.; Brandys, F.A.; Li, J. Microencapsulation by in situ Polymerization of Amino Resins. Polym. Rev. (Phila. Pa.), 2018, 58(2), 326-375.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2017.1364765]
[48]
Yi, Q.; Sukhorokov, G.B.; Ma, J.; Yang, X.; Gu, Z. Encapsulation of phase change materials using layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolytes. Int. J. Polym. Sci., 2015, 2015, 1-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/756237]
[49]
Shekhar, K.; Madhu, M.N.; Pradeep, B.; Banji, D. A review on microencapsulation. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 2010, 5(2), 58-62.
[50]
Bansode, S.S.; Banarjee, S.K.; Gaikwad, D.D.; Jadhav, S.L. Microencapsulation: A review. Journal Of Research, 2010, 1, 86-102.
[51]
Sumithra, M.; Raja, N.V. Mosquito repellency finishes in blended denim fabrics. International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Life Science, 2012, 3, 1614-1616.
[52]
Schindler, W.D.H.P. Chemical finishing of textiles; Birmingham Woodhead Publishing, 2004, pp. 74-86.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845690373.74]
[53]
Sánchez-Navarro, M.M.; Cuesta-Garrote, N.; Arán-Aís, F.; Orgilés-Barceló, C. Microencapsulation of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil as biocide for footwear applications. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol., 2011, 32(12), 1722-1727.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2011.616126]
[54]
Pérez-Limiñana, M.Á.; Payá-Nohales, F.J.; Arán-Ais, F.; Orgilés-Barceló, C. Effect of the shell-forming polymer ratio on the encapsulation of tea tree oil by complex coacervation as a natural biocide. J. Microencapsul., 2014, 31(2), 176-183.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2013.824512] [PMID: 23937208]
[55]
Thilagavathi, G.; Bala, S.K.; Kannaian, T. Microencapsulation of herbal extracts for microbial resistance in healthcare textiles. Indian J. Fibre Text. Res., 2007, 32, 351-354.
[56]
Shrestha, M.; Ho, T.M.; Bhandari, B.R. Antibacterial finish for cotton fabric from herbal products. Indian J. Fibre Text. Res., 2010, 35, 50-58.
[57]
Shrestha, M.; Ho, T.M.; Bhandari, B.R. Encapsulation of tea tree oil by amorphous beta-cyclodextrin powder. Food Chem., 2017, 221, 1474-1483.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.003] [PMID: 27979118]
[58]
Ocak, B.; Gülümser, G.; Baloğlu, E. Microencapsulation of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil by using simple coacervation method. J. Essent. Oil Res., 2011, 23(4), 58-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700470]
[59]
Beşen, B.S. Production of disposable antibacterial textiles via application of tea tree oil encapsulated into different wall materials. Fibers Polym., 2019, 20(12), 2587-2593.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-9350-9]
[60]
Chen, M.; Hu, Y.; Zhou, J. Facile fabrication of tea tree oil-loaded antibacterial microcapsules by complex coacervation of sodium alginate/quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(16), 1-6.
[61]
Huang, Q.; Gong, S.; Han, W.; Chen, Y.; Shu, X. Preparation of TTO/UF resin microcapsule via in situ polymerisation and modelling of its slow release. J. Microencapsul., 2020, 37(4), 297-304.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652048.2020.1735548] [PMID: 32096670]
[62]
Sathiyaseelan, A.; Zhang, X.; Wang, M-H. Enhancing the antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing effects of melaleuca alternifolia oil by microencapsulating it in chitosan-sodium alginate microspheres. Nutrients, 2023, 15(6), 1319.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15061319] [PMID: 36986049]