Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans.

Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases.

Result: It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion: In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: Vitamin D, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure.