Antioxidants, Hormetic Nutrition, and Autism

Sergio      Modafferi; Gabriella      Lupo; Mario      Tomasello; Francesco      Rampulla; Marialaura      Ontario; Maria      Scuto; Angela   Trovato   Salinaro; Antonio      Arcidiacono; Carmelina   Daniela   Anfuso; Maria      Legmouz; Fatima-Zahra      Azzaoui; Agostino      Palmeri; Sestina      Spano; Francesca      Biamonte; Gaetano      Cammilleri; Tilman      Fritsch; Alena      Sidenkova; Edward      Calabrese; Uwe      Wenzel; Vittorio      Calabrese
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by atypical behaviors with two core pathological manifestations: deficits in social interaction/communication and repetitive behaviors, which are associated with disturbed redox homeostasis. Modulation of cellular resilience mechanisms induced by low levels of stressors represents a novel approach for the development of therapeutic strategies, and in this context, neuroprotective effects of a wide range of polyphenol compounds have been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo studies and thoroughly reviewed. Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for many years and have been associated with a long list of therapeutic properties, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Our recent studies have strikingly indicated the presence of polyphenols in nutritional mushrooms and demonstrated their protective effects in different models of neurodegenerative disorders in humans and rats. Although their therapeutic effects are exerted through multiple mechanisms, increasing attention is focusing on their capacity to induce endogenous defense systems by modulating cellular signaling processes such as nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Here we discuss the protective role of hormesis and its modulation by hormetic nutrients in ASD.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders, vitagenes, antioxidants, hormesis, C. elegans, mushrooms.
Graphical Abstract

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Cite As
Current Neuropharmacology

Antioxidants, Hormetic Nutrition, and Autism

Abstract

Graphical Abstract
