Generic placeholder image

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering

Author(s): Yihai Yang, Zhengnan Sun, Guolin Jing*, Yang Liu, Jianqi Xu, Lina Zhang and Hongyu Tao

DOI: 10.2174/2405520416666230614122518

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Study on the Effect of Polyoctadecyl Acrylate on Daqing Waxy Oil

Page: [147 - 156] Pages: 10

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Introduction: Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of different hydrocarbons such as resins, asphaltenes, aromatics and paraffins. Wax deposition in oil pipelines is considered to be one of the most serious flow assurance problems.

Method: In order to obtain a pour point depressant with a better effect on Daqing waxy crude oil, a model oil containing Daqing paraffin was investigated. Polyoctadecyl acrylate was prepared by taking polymerization of octadecyl acrylate monomer under the corresponding reaction conditions. The pour point and viscosity were measured after adding the pour point depressant into the waxy model oil.

Results: The experimental results showed that the best pour point reduction effect of polyoctadecyl acrylate was achieved when the mass of octadecyl acrylate monomer was 40wt% of the total mass (the sum of the mass of solute octadecyl acrylate and solvent toluene), the reaction temperature was 80 °C, the reaction time was 6 h, and the amount of initiator was 0.15wt% under the condition that toluene was used as the solvent. The addition of polyoctadecyl acrylate effectively inhibits the appearance of wax crystals and makes the distribution of wax crystals more dispersed.

Conclusion: The optimal pour point depressant concentration was found to be 800 mg/kg. The alkyl side chains of polyoctadecyl acrylate allow co-crystallization with the waxy crystals and thus their dispersion, while its polar groups can weaken the interactions between the wax crystals.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Steckel L, Nunes RCP, Rocha PCS, Ramos ACS, Alvares DRS, Lucas EF. Pour point depressant: Identification of critical wax content and model system to estimate performance in crude oil. Fuel 2022; 307: 121853.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121853]
[2]
Zhang J, Yu H, Liang Y, Sun Z, Liu Y, Jing G. Influence of EVA/nano-sepiolite on the wax crystal and rheological property of Daqing crude oil. J Dispers Sci Technol 2021; 42(8): 1125-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2020.1727749]
[3]
Sharma R, Mahto V, Vuthaluru H. Synthesis of PMMA/modified graphene oxide nanocomposite pour point depressant and its effect on the flow properties of Indian waxy crude oil. Fuel 2019; 235: 1245-59.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.125]
[4]
Liu Y, Sun Z, Jing G, Liu S, Yang Y, Xu J. Synthesis of chemical grafting pour point depressant EVAL-GO and its effect on the rheological properties of Daqing crude oil. Fuel Process Technol 2021; 223: 107000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.107000]
[5]
Yang CL, Zhao HJ, Lv XF, et al. Effect of surfactant on rheological properties of crude oil and molecular dynamics simulation. Petro Proces Petrochem 2020; 51: 62-8.
[6]
Oyekunle L, Adeyanju O. Thermodynamic prediction of paraffin wax precipitation in crude oil pipelines. Petrol Sci Technol 2011; 29(2): 208-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903330163]
[7]
Ren Y, Chen Z, Du H, Fang L, Zhang X. Preparation and evaluation of modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer as pour point depressant and flow improver for jianghan crude oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017; 56(39): 11161-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02929]
[8]
Pandian S, Dahyalal PC, Krishna S, Hari S, Subramanian D. A study on cashew nut shell liquid as a bio-based flow improver for heavy crude oil. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 2021; 11(5): 2287-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01162-w]
[9]
Anto R, Deshmukh S, Sanyal S, Bhui UK. Nanoparticles as flow improver of petroleum crudes: Study on temperature-dependent steady-state and dynamic rheological behavior of crude oils. Fuel 2020; 275: 117873.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117873]
[10]
Zhao MY, Wang S, Li FM, Guo SH, Gao P. Petroleum pollution and microbial community structure in the soil of Liaohe Oilfield. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2020; 31(12): 4215-24.
[PMID: 33393260]
[11]
Wang XY, Feng J, Wang J. Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination and impact on soil characteristics from oilfield Momoge Wetland. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2009; 30(8): 2394-401.
[PMID: 19799307]
[12]
Deka B, Sharma R, Mandal A, Mahto V. Synthesis and evaluation of oleic acid based polymeric additive as pour point depressant to improve flow properties of Indian waxy crude oil. J Petrol Sci Eng 2018; 170: 105-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.06.053]
[13]
Xue Y, Chen F, Sun B, Lin H, Dai B, Han S. Effect of nanocomposite as pour point depressant on the cold flow properties and crystallization behavior of diesel fuel. Chin Chem Lett 2022; 33(5): 2677-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.021]
[14]
Al-Sabagh AM, Betiha MA, Osman DI, Mahmoud T. Synthesis and characterization of nanohybrid of poly(octadecylacrylates derivatives)/montmorillonite as pour point depressants and flow improver for waxy crude oil. J Appl Polym Sci 2019; 136(17): 47333.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.47333]
[15]
Xue Y, Zhao Z, Xu G, et al. Effect of poly-alpha-olefin pour point depressant on cold flow properties of waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. Fuel 2016; 184: 110-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.006]
[16]
Jing G, Sun Z, Tu Z, Bian X, Liang Y. Influence of different vinyl acetate contents on the properties of the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate/modified Nano-SiO2 composite pour-point depressant. Energy Fuels 2017; 31(6): 5854-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00189]
[17]
Mao J, Kang Z, Yang X, et al. Synthesis and performance evaluation of a nanocomposite pour-point depressant and viscosity reducer for high-pour-point heavy oil. Energy Fuels 2020; 34(7): 7965-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04487]
[18]
Ivchenko PV, Nifant’ev IE. Polymer depressor additives: Synthesis, microstructure, efficiency. Polym Sci Ser A 2018; 60(5): 577-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X18050061]
[19]
Wei B. Recent advances on mitigating wax problem using polymeric wax crystal modifier. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 2015; 5(4): 391-401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-014-0146-6]
[20]
Wu Y, Ni G, Yang F, Li C, Dong G. Modified maleic anhydride co-polymers as pour-point depressants and their effects on waxy crude oil rheology. Energy Fuels 2012; 26(2): 995-1001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201444b]
[21]
Yao B, Wang L, Yang F, Li C, Zhao Y. Effect of vinyl-acetate moiety molar fraction on the performance of poly(octadecyl acrylate-vinyl acetate) pour point depressants: Experiments and mesoscopic dynamics simulation. Energy Fuels 2017; 31(1): 448-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02688]
[22]
Tu Z, Jing G, Sun Z, Zhen Z, Li W. Effect of nanocomposite of attapulgite/EVA on flow behavior and wax crystallization of model oil. J Dispers Sci Technol 2018; 39(9): 1280-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2017.1394197]
[23]
Kazantsev OA, Arifullin IR, Moikin AA, et al. Dependence of efficiency of polyalkyl acrylate-based pour point depressants on composition of crude oil. Egyp J Petrol 2021; 30(3): 21-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2021.06.002]
[24]
Yang F, Li CX, Lin MZ, Li ZY, Yu T. Preparation of octadecyl acrylate/vinyl acetate copolymer and its pour point depression functions for waxy crude oils. Oilfield Chemistry 2009; 26: 102-5.
[25]
Jiang QZ, Yue G, Song ZZ, Ke M, Zhao MF. Relation between structure of ethene-vinyl acetate copolymers and their pour point depression. J Southwest Petrol Univ (Sci & Technol Ed) 2006; 6: 71-4.
[26]
Elganidi I, Elarbe B, Ridzuan N, Abdullah N. Synthesis, characterisation and pre-evaluation of a novel terpolymer as pour point depressants to improve the Malaysian crude oil flowability. J Pet Explor Prod Technol 2022; 12(7): 2067-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01445-2]
[27]
Mostafa KM, Osman E, Mahmoud RI, El-Sanabary AA. Towards synthesis, characterization and properties of smart material based on chitosan using Mn-IV itaconic acid as a novel redox pair. J Polym Environ 2018; 26(8): 3250-61.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10924-018-1209-4]
[28]
Zhang XZ, Wang L, Wang JC, Zhao JR. Preparation of EVA-g-MAH and its preliminary application as film adhesive. Plastics 2021; 50: 147-51.
[29]
Christian P, Giles MR, Griffiths RMT, Irvine DJ, Major RC, Howdle SM. Free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide using a pseudo-graft stabilizer: Effect of monomer, initiator, and stabilizer concentrations. Macromolecules 2000; 33(25): 9222-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0008948]
[30]
Xu G, Xue Y, Zhao Z, Lian X, Lin H, Han S. Influence of poly (methacrylate-co-maleic anhydride) pour point depressant with various pendants on low-temperature flowability of diesel fuel. Fuel 2018; 216: 898-907.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.126]
[31]
Yang F, Zhang X, Li C, et al. Poly(aminopropyl/methyl)silsesquioxane microspheres improve the flowability of model waxy oils associated with asphaltenes. Fuel 2019; 243: 60-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.116]
[32]
Chen W, Zhao Z, Yin C. The interaction of waxes with pour point depressants. Fuel 2010; 89(5): 1127-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.005]