Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and characterize two new direct dyes
based on chromenes derivatives.
Background: The synthesis of carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) by the reaction of chitosan and acrylic
acid via Michael's addition reaction was conducted. Cotton fabrics were treated with CECS to
enhance the exhaustion of dye, fastness properties, and antimicrobial activity of dyed fabric.
Methods: Chitosan (CS) and acrylic acid were combined in Michael’s addition process to successfully
produce N-carboxyethylchitosan (CECS). Then, the cotton was treated with different concentrations
of carboxyethyl chitosan (0.5–5 wt.%) and then dyed by synthesized mono azo and diazo
direct dyes based on chromene derivatives.
Results and Discussion: The results regarding dyeing and antibacterial activity indicated highquality
dyeing properties, However, direct dyes showed higher exhaustion and fixation values, fastness
properties, and the colorimetric CIE L*a*b* C*h° data of the dyed cotton fabric.
Conclusion: Cotton fabrics treated with carboxyethyl chitosan and dyed with direct dyes were
found to have higher antibacterial activity upon a concentration of 2.5 wt.%. In addition, the antibacterial
activity towards Gram-positive bacteria was reported to be more than Gram-negative bacteria.
Keywords:
Carboxyethylchitosan, antibacterial activity, direct dyes, fastness properties, dyeing, cotton fabrics.
Graphical Abstract
[2]
Salama, R.; Osman, H.; Ibrahim, H.M. Preparation of biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Aloe vera extract for use as a novel drug delivery mechanism to improve the antibacterial characteristics of cellulose-based fabrics. Egypt. J. Chem., 2022, 65(3), 581-595.
[3]
Mohamed, F.A.; Shaban, E.; Ibrahim, H.M. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some novel nucleus N-aminorhodanine based bis monofunctional and bifunctional reactive dyes and their application on wool and cotton fabrics. Egypt. J. Chem., 2022, 65(2), 597-608.
[4]
El-Sayed, G.A.; Diaa, M.; Hassabo, A.G. Potential uses of aloe veraextractionin finishing and textile wet Process. J. Text. Color. Polym. Sci., 2021, 18(2), 159-169.
[6]
Ali, M.A.; Bydoon, E.A.; Ibrahim, H.M. Bioactive composite nonwoven surgical dressing based on cellulose coated with nanofiber membrane using the layer-by-layer technique. Egypt. J. Chem., 2022, 65(4), 525-542.
[14]
Mosaad, R.M.; Samir, A.; Ibrahim, H.M. Median lethal dose (LD50) and cytotoxicity of Adriamycin in female albino mice. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2017, 7(3), 77-80.
[17]
Ibrahim, H.; El-Zairy, E.M.R.; El-Amir, M.E.; Enas, A.S. Combined antimicrobial finishing dyeing properties of cotton, polyester fabrics and their blends with acid and disperse dyes. Egypt. J. Chem., 2019, 62(5), 965-976.
[25]
El-Bisi, M.K.; Ibrahim, H.M.; Rabie, A.M.; Elnagar, K.; Taha, G.M.; El-Alfy, E.A. Super hydrophobic cotton fabrics via green techniques. Pharma Chem., 2016, 8(19), 57-69.
[30]
Ibrahim, H.M.; Aly, A.A.; Taha, G.M.; El-Alfy, E.A. Production of antibacterial cotton fabrics via green treatment with nontoxic natural biopolymer gelatin. Egypt. J. Chem., 2020, 63, 655-696.
[31]
Ibrahim, H.; Emam, E.A.M.; Tawfik, T.M.; El-Aref, A.T. Preparation of cotton gauze coated with carboxymethyl chitosan and its utilization for water filtration. J. Text. Appar. Technol. Manag., 2019, 11(1)
[34]
Shahin, A.; Mahmoud, S.; El-Hennawi, H.; Zaher, A. Enhancement of dyeability and antibacterial characteristics of silk fabrics using chitosan nano-particles. Egypt. J. Chem., 2020, 63(9), 3199-3208.
[43]
Ali, N.F.; El-Khatib, E.M.; El-Mohamedy, R.S.S.; Ramadan, M.A. Antimicrobial activity of silk fabrics dyed with saffron dye using microwave heating. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 2014, 3(10), 140-146.