Methods of Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Potential of Herbal
Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

Devendar      Chaudhary; Aakash      Deep; Nitin      Bansal; Neeraj      Rani
Abstract

Cancer is a major cause of death for a huge amount of the population. A large population is suffering from this chronic disease, and various treatments and therapies are developed for the diagnosis of cancer. This review paper focuses on one of the treatments for cancer diagnosis, i.e., herbal silver nanoparticles. Herbal silver nanoparticles are plant-based materials with very less and minimum adverse effects of metals. Metal ions are reduced and stabilized by plant-based reducing and stabilizing agents. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological methods have very less toxic and have minimum side effects on the environment. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is performed by various techniques like SEM, TEM, UV visible spectroscopy and FTIR. However, full profile characterization of nanoparticles is still a challenge for researchers. Herbal silver nanoparticles have many therapeutic activities like antioxidant, antibacterial and various others, but this review paper has a focus on anticancer evaluation. Herbal silver nanoparticles are reported for their anticancer activities on a large scale. In this review article, we will discuss the methods of synthesis, characterization and anticancer potential of herbal silver nanoparticles.
Keywords: Herbal, characterization, synthesis, anticancer, silver nanoparticles, synthesized nanoparticles.
[1]
Hassanpour SH, Dehghani M. Review of cancer from perspective of molecular. J Cancer Res Pract  2017; 4(4): 127-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrpr.2017.07.001]

[2]
Seyfried TN, Shelton LM. Cancer as a metabolic disease. Nutr Metab  2010; 7(1): 7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-7] [PMID:  20181022]

[3]
 Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. In: The Development
and Causes of Cancer. 2nd ed.. Sunderland (MA):
Sinauer Associates 2000.

[4]
Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, et al. Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int J Cancer  2021; 149(4): 778-89.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.33588] [PMID:  33818764]

[5]
Verma M, Deep A, Nandal R, Shinmar P, Kaushik D. Novel drug delivery system for cancer management: A review. Curr Cancer Ther Rev  2016; 12: 1-20.

[6]
Boogaard VD, Winnie MC, Komninos DSJ, Vermeij WP. Chemotherapy side-effects: Not all DNA damage is equal. Cancers  2022; 14: 627.
 [PMID:  35158895]

[7]
Bharadwaj KK, Rabha B, Pati S, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using diospyros malabarica fruit extract and assessments of their antimicrobial, anticancer and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Nanomaterials  2021; 11(8): 1999.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081999] [PMID:  34443829]

[8]
Brayner R. The toxicological impact of nanoparticles. Nano Today  2008; 3(1-2): 48-55.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1748-0132(08)70015-X]

[9]
Gomes A, Ghosh S, Sengupta J, Datta P, Gomes A. Herbonanoceuticals: A new step towards herbal therapeutics. Med Aromat Plants  2014; 3: 162.

[10]
Chakraborty K, Shivakumar A, Ramachandran S. Nano-technology in herbal medicines: A review. Int J Herb Med  2016; 4(3): 21-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/flora.2016.v4.i3.05]

[11]
Thakur RS, Agrawal R. Application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical formulation design and development. Curr Drug Ther  2015; 10: 20-34.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488551001150825095729]

[12]
Babazadeh A, Zeinali M, Hamishehkar H. Nano-phytosome: A developing platform for herbal anti-cancer agents in cancer therapy. Curr Drug Targets  2018; 19(2): 170-80.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170508095250] [PMID:  28482783]

[13]
Misra R, Acharya S, Sahoo SK. Cancer nanotechnology: Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today  2010; 15(19-20): 842-50.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2010.08.006] [PMID:  20727417]

[14]
Noor R, Shaheen G, Nazar H, et al. Advantages of novel drug delivery system and silver nanoparticles for herbal drugs; and medicinal importance of crotalaria burhia plant: A review. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol  2022; 23(17-18): 35-45.

[15]
Namdari M, Eatemadi A, Soleimaninejad M, Hammed AT. A brief review on the application of nanoparticle enclosed herbal medicine for the treatment of infective endocarditis. Biomed Pharmacother  2017; 87: 321-31.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.099] [PMID:  28064105]

[16]
Mamillapalli V, Atmakuri AM, Khantamneni P. Nanoparticles for herbal extracts. Asian J Pharm  2016; 10(2): 54.

[17]
Gupta A, Naraniwal M, Kothari V. Modern extraction methods for preparation of bioactive plant extracts. Int J Appl Nat Sci  2012; 1(1): 8-26.

[18]
Kadam J, Dhawal P, Barve S, Kakodkar S. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cauliflower waste and their multifaceted applications in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and Hg2+ biosensing. SN Appl Sci  2020; 2(4): 738.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2543-4]

[19]
Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: Green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci  2009; 145(1-2): 83-96.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.002] [PMID:  18945421]

[20]
Abbasi E, Milani M, Fekri Aval S, et al. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis methods, bio-applications and properties. Crit Rev Microbiol  2016; 42(2): 173-80.
 [PMID:  24937409]

[21]
Ijaz I, Gilani E, Nazir A, Bukhari A. Detail review on chemical, physical and green synthesis, classification, characterizations and applications of nanoparticles. Green Chem Lett Rev  2020; 13(3): 223-45.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2020.1802517]

[22]
Shah P, Gavrin A. Synthesis of nanoparticles using high-pressure sputtering for magnetic domain imaging. J Magn Magn Mater  2006; 301(1): 118-23.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.06.023]

[23]
Weblink. 2017. Available from:   https://shellzero.wordpress.com/2012/05/14/inert-gas-condensa tion-method/

[24]
Natsuki J, Natsuki T, Hashimoto Y. A review of silver nanoparticles: Synthesis methods, properties and applications. Int J Mater Sci Appl  2015; 4(5): 325-32.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.17]

[25]
Chikan V, McLaurin E. Rapid nanoparticle synthesis by magnetic and microwave heating. Nanomaterials  2016; 6(5): 85.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6050085] [PMID:  28335212]

[26]
Rane AV, Kanny K, Abitha VK, Thomas S. Methods for synthesisof nanoparticles and fabrication of nanocomposites. In:Micro and Nano Technologies, Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials  2018; pp. 121-39.

[27]
Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci  2014; 9(6): 385-406.
 [PMID:  26339255]

[28]
Shchukin DG, Radtchenko IL, Sukhorukov GB. Photoinduced reduction of silver inside microscale polyelectrolyte capsules. ChemPhysChem  2003; 4(10): 1101-3.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200300740] [PMID:  14596008]

[29]
Jin R, Charles Cao Y, Hao E, Métraux GS, Schatz GC, Mirkin CA. Controlling anisotropic nanoparticle growth through plasmon excitation. Nature  2003; 425(6957): 487-90.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02020] [PMID:  14523440]

[30]
Yin Y, Li ZY, Zhong Z, Gates B, Xia Y, Venkateswaran S. Synthesis and characterization of stable aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles through the Tollens process. J Mater Chem  2002; 12(3): 522-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b107469e]

[31]
Kvítek L, Prucek R. Panáček A, Novotný R, Hrbáč J, Zbořil R. The influence of complexing agent concentration on particle size in the process of SERS active silver colloid synthesis. J Mater Chem  2005; 15(10): 1099-105.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B417007E]

[32]
Ramesh S. Sol-Gel synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles. J Nanosci 2013.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/929321]

[33]
Tola OH, Oluwole OI, Omotayo AB. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from eco friendly materials: A review. Int J Eng Res Technol  2020; 9(9): 782-95.

[34]
Mohanpuria P, Rana NK, Yadav SK. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: Technological concepts and future applications. J Nanopart Res  2008; 10(3): 507-17.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9275-x]

[35]
Vishwanath R, Negi B. Conventional and green methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem  2021; 4: 100205.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100205]

[36]
Titus D, Samuel EJJ, Roopan SM. Nanoparticle characterization techniques. In  Green synthesis  characterization and applications of nanoparticles micro and Nano technologies  2019; pp. 303-19.

[37]
Kumar A, Dixit CK. Methods for characterization of nanoparticles.In Advances in Nanomedicine for the Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids  2017; pp. 43-58.

[38]
Zhang XF, Liu ZG, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, properties, applications, and therapeutic approaches. Int J Mol Sci  2016; 17(9): 1534.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091534] [PMID:  27649147]

[39]
Gurusamy R, Selvam R, Gokulprasath M, Kannan L, Palaniswamy R. Review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. JETIR  2022; 9(3): 106-20.

[40]
Tomaszewska E, Soliwoda K, Kadziola K, et al. Detection limits of DLS and UV-Vis spectroscopy in characterization of polydisperse nanoparticles colloids. J Nanomater  2013; 2013: 1-10.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/313081]

[41]
Sharma R, Bisen DP, Shukla U, Sharma BG. X-ray diffraction A powerful method of characterizing nanomaterials. Res Sci technol  2012; 4(8): 77-9.

[42]
Anandharamakrishnan C. Characterization of Nanoparticles. In Techniques for Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients  2014; pp. 65-7.

[43]
Vladár AE, Hodoroaba VD. Characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy.In: Micro and Nano Technologies, Characterization of Nanoparticles.  Elsevier 2020; pp. 7-27.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814182-3.00002-X]

[44]
Tai LA, Kang YT, Chen YC, et al. Quantitative characterization of nanoparticles in blood by transmission electron microscopy with a window-type microchip nanopipet. Anal Chem  2012; 84(15): 6312-6.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac301523n] [PMID:  22816618]

[45]
Malatesta M. Transmission electron microscopy for nanomedicine: Novel applications for long-established techniques. Eur J Histochem  2016; 60(4): 2751.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejh.2016.2751] [PMID:  28076938]

[46]
Sharma R. An environmental transmission electron microscope for in situ synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials. J Mater Res  2005; 20(7): 1695-707.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2005.0241]

[47]
Pyrz WD, Buttrey DJ. Particle size determination using TEM: A discussion of image acquisition and analysis for the novice microscopist. Langmuir  2008; 24(20): 11350-60.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la801367j] [PMID:  18729338]

[48]
Naganthran A, Verasoundarapandian G, Khalid FE, et al. Synthesis, characterization and biomedical application of silver nanoparticles. Materials  2022; 15(2): 427.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020427] [PMID:  35057145]

[49]
Baudot C, Tan CM, Kong JC. FTIR spectroscopy as a tool for nano-material characterization. Infrared Phys Technol  2010; 53(6): 434-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2010.09.002]

[50]
Singh J, Singh T, Rawat M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via various plant extracts for anti-cancer applications. Int J Nanomedicine  2017; 2(3): 1-4.

[51]
Anandan M, Poorani G, Boomi P, et al. Green synthesis of anisotropic silver nanoparticles from the aqueous leaf extract of Dodonaea viscosa with their antibacterial and anticancer activities. Process Biochem  2019; 80: 80-8.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.02.014]

[52]
Mortazavi-Derazkola S, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Amiri O, et al. Facile green synthesis and characterization of Crataegus microphylla extract-capped silver nanoparticles (CME@Ag-NPs) and its potential antibacterial and anticancer activities against AGS and MCF-7 human cancer cells. J Alloys Compd  2020; 820: 153186.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153186]

[53]
Valsalam S, Agastian P, Arasu MV, et al. Rapid biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Tropaeolum majus L. and its enhanced in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and anticancer properties. J Photochem Photobiol B  2019; 191: 65-74.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.010] [PMID:  30594044]

[54]
Dadashpour M, Firouzi-Amandi A, Pourhassan-Moghaddam M, et al. Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tropaeolum majus extract and their potential anticancer activity against human lung cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C  2018; 92: 902-12.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.053] [PMID:  30184820]

[55]
Erdogan O, Abbak M, Demirbolat GM, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles via Cynara scolymus leaf extracts: The characterization, anticancer potential with photodynamic therapy in MCF7 cells. PLoS One  2019; 14(6): e0216496.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216496] [PMID:  31220110]

[56]
Gomathi AC, Xavier RSR, Mohammed SA, Rajeshkumar S. Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol  2019; 55: 101376.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101376]

[57]
Dipankar C, Murugan S. The green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of the biological activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Iresine herbstii leaf aqueous extracts. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces  2012; 98: 112-9.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.04.006] [PMID:  22705935]

[58]
Hashemi SF, Tasharrofi N, Saber MM. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Teucrium polium leaf extract and assessment of their antitumor effects against MNK45 human gastric cancer cell line. J Mol Struct  2020; 1208: 127889.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127889]

[59]
Ahmed MJ, Murtaza G, Rashid F, Iqbal J. Eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications as antioxidant and anticancer agents. Drug Dev Ind Pharm  2019; 45(10): 1682-94.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1656224] [PMID:  31407925]

[60]
Saratale RG, Benelli G, Kumar G, Kim DS, Saratale GD. Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of an ancient herbal medicine, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), evaluation of their antioxidant, anticancer potential, and antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int  2018; 25(11): 10392-406.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9581-5] [PMID:  28699009]

[61]
Satpathy S, Patra A, Ahirwar B, Delwar Hussain M. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of tubers of  Pueraria tuberosa Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol  2018; 46 ((sup3)): 71-85.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1489265] [PMID:  30043665]

[62]
Nakkala JR, Mata R, Raja K, Khub Chandra V, Sadras SR. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles: Catalytic dye degradation, in vitro anticancer activity and in vivo toxicity in rats. Mater Sci Eng C  2018; 91: 372-81.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.048] [PMID:  30033267]

[63]
Lakshmanan G, Sathiyaseelan A, Kalaichelvan PT, Murugesan K. Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fruit extract of Cleome viscosa L.: Assessment of their antibacterial and anticancer activity. Karbala Int J Mod Sci  2017; xx: 1-8.

[64]
Oves M, Ahmar Rauf M, Aslam M, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Conocarpus Lancifolius plant extract and their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Saudi J Biol Sci  2022; 29(1): 460-71.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.007] [PMID:  35002442]

[65]
Mousavi B, Tafvizi F, Zaker Bostanabad S. Green synthesis ofsilver nanoparticles using leaf extractand the study of anti-cancer effect and apoptosis induction on gastric cancer cell line (AGS). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol Artemisia turcomanica  2018; 46 ((sup1)): 499-510.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1430697] [PMID:  29361855]

[66]
Sarkar S, Kotteeswaran V. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) and their anticancer activity on human cervical cancer cells. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol  2018; 9(2): 025014.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/aac590]

[67]
Alahmad A, Feldhoff A, Bigall NC, Rusch P, Scheper T, Walter JG. Hypericum perforatum L.-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles exhibiting antioxidant and anticancer activities. Nanomaterials  2021; 11(2): 487.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020487] [PMID:  33673018]

[68]
Naghizadeh A, Mizwari ZM, Ghoreishi SM, Lashgari S, Mortazavi-Derazkola S, Rezaie B. Biogenic and eco-benign synthesis of silver nanoparticles using jujube core extract and its performance in catalytic and pharmaceutical applications: Removal of industrial contaminants and in-vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities. Environ Technol Innov  2021; 23: 101560.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101560]

[69]
Zare-Bidaki M, Aramjoo H, Mizwari ZM, Mohammadparast-Tabas P, Javanshir R, Mortazavi-Derazkola S. Cytotoxicity, antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial and photodegradation potential of silver nanoparticles mediated via Medicago sativa extract. Arab J Chem  2022; 15(6): 103842.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103842]

[70]
Rajawat S, Malik MM. Anticancer activity of green silver nanoparticles against He-La cervical cancer cell lines. Mater Today Proc  2019; 18: 841-7.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.06.510]

[71]
Simon S, Sibuyi NRS, Fadaka AO, et al. Biomedical applications of plant extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles. Biomedicines  2022; 10(11): 2792.
 [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112792] [PMID:  36359308]
Cite As
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews

Methods of Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Potential of Herbal Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

Abstract
