Pyrazole Scaffolds Having Promising Pharmacological Potential: A Review

Page: [2142 - 2166] Pages: 25

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds have diverse structure, which makes them broad and economical therapeutic agents. Pyrazole is a five-membered aromatic ring that contains two nitrogen atom and is responsible for the diverse functions of heterocyclic compounds. This implies the need of reviewing the work that already has been done on the potential of pyrazole scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry for the synthesis of new compounds with more effective antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-tuberculosis, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Fikry, R.; Ismail, N.; Raslan, S.; El-Tahawe, H. Synthesis and reactions of new pyrazole derivatives. Eur. Chem. Bull., 2016, 5(5), 157-16.
[2]
Rahmouni, A.; Romdhane, A.; Ben Said, A.; Majouli, K.; Ben Jannet, H. Synthesis of new pyrazole and antibacterial pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. Turk. J. Chem., 2014, 38, 210-221.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/kim-1303-20]
[3]
Rao, N.S.L.; Rao, M.V.B. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives of furo [3, 2-c] pyridine as potential antibacterial agents. Chem. J., 2013, 3(1), 23-29.
[4]
Vicentini, C.B.; Romagnoli, C.; Andreotti, E.; Mares, D. Synthetic pyrazole derivatives as growth inhibitors of some phytopathogenic fungi. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55(25), 10331-10338.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf072077d] [PMID: 18001038]
[5]
Jamwal, A.; Javed, A.; Bhardwaj, V. A review on pyrazole derivatives of pharmacological potential. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci., 2013, 3, 114-123.
[6]
Yadav, A.G.; Patil, V.N.; Asrondkar, A.L.; Naik, A.A.; Ansulkar, P.V.; Bobade, A.S.; Chowdhary, A.S. Anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activities of pyrazolyl-benzothiazole derivatives using vilsmeier-haack reaction. Ras. J. Chem., 2012, 5(1), 117-120.
[7]
Sun, A.; Ye, J.H.; Yu, H.; Zhang, W.; Wang, X. A new efficient synthesis of pyrazoles from hydrazonoyl halides and b-oxophosphonates. Tetra. Lett., 2014, 55, 889-892.
[8]
El-Gaby, M.S.A.; Ghorab, M.M.; Ismail, Z.H.; Abdel-Gawad, S.M.; Aly, H.M. Synthesis, structural characterization and anticancer evaluation of pyrazole derivatives. Med. Chem. Res., 2018, 27(1), 72-79.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-017-2035-2]
[9]
Tamta, H.; Thilagavathi, R.; Chakraborti, A.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.K. 6-(N -benzoylamino)purine as a novel and potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: Inhibition mechanism and molecular modeling studies. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 2005, 20(4), 317-324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14756360500112326] [PMID: 16206825]
[10]
Castagnolo, D.; Manetti, F.; Radi, M.; Bechi, B.; Pagano, M.; De Logu, A.; Meleddu, R.; Saddi, M.; Botta, M. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR study of novel pyrazole analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Part 2. Synthesis of rigid pyrazolones. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2009, 17(15), 5716-5721.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.058] [PMID: 19581099]
[11]
Unnissa, S.; Nisha, N.; Reddy, G. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation including anti-malarial activity of pyrazole based novel cinnoline derivatives. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 5(11), 121-126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2015.501121]
[12]
Abdel-Aziz, M.; Abuo-Rahma, G.E.D.A.; Hassan, A.A. Synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives and evaluation of their antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2009, 44(9), 3480-3487.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.01.032] [PMID: 19268406]
[13]
Frigola, J.; Colombo, A.; Pares, J.; Martinez, L.; Sagarra, R.; Rosert, R. Synthesis, structure and inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, thromboxane synthetase and platelet aggregation of 3-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives. Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1989, 24, 435-445.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(89)90089-5]
[14]
Puneeth, H.R.; Sharada, A.C. Antidiabetic effects of a series of curcumin pyrazoles in-vitro. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., 2015, 8(6), 146-149.
[15]
Sekkak, H.; Rakib, E.M.; Abdelouahid, M.A.; Hafid, A.; Malki, A.E. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic activity of novel pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylates. Int. J. Org. Chem., 2013, 3(1), 37-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2013.31003]
[16]
Nitulescu, G.M.; Matei, L.; Aldea, I.M.; Draghici, C.; Olaru, O.T.; Bleotu, C. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis and anticancer evaluation of new pyrazole derivatives as cell cycle inhibitors. Arab. J. Chem., 2019, 12(6), 816-824.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.12.006]
[17]
Ubaradka, S.R.; Isloor, A.M.; Shetty, P.; Pai, K.S.R.; Fun, H.K. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of new pyrazole chalcones and heterocyclic diamides as potential anticancer agents. Arab. J. Chem., 2014, 8(3), 317-321.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.01.018]
[18]
Rizk, S.A.; El-Sayed, A.A.; Mounier, M.M. Synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives as antineoplastic agent. J. Heterocycl. Chem., 2017, 54(6), 3358-3371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.2956]
[19]
Sondhi, S.M.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, N.; Roy, P. Synthesis anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity evaluation of some pyrazole and oxadiazole derivatives. Med. Chem. Res., 2012, 21(10), 3043-3052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9850-7]
[20]
Thalassitis, A.; Katsori, A.M.; Dimas, K.; Hadjipavlou-Litina, D.J.; Pyleris, F.; Sakellaridis, N.; Litinas, K.E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of modified purine homo- N -nucleosides containing pyrazole or 2-pyrazoline moiety. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 2014, 29(1), 109-117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2012.755623] [PMID: 23339428]
[21]
Shamsuzzaman, S.; Siddiqui, T.; Alam, M.G.; Dar, A.M. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer studies of new steroidal oxadiazole, pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2015, 19(4), 387-391.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2012.04.009]
[22]
Alam, M.J.; Alam, O.; Khan, S.A.; Naim, M.J.; Islamuddin, M.; Deora, G.S. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, COX1/2-inhibitory activity, and molecular docking studies of hybrid pyrazole analogues. Drug Des. Devel. Ther., 2016, 10, 3529-3543.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S118297] [PMID: 27826185]
[23]
Kaushik, N.; Kumar, N.; Kumar, A.A. Synthesis, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of 1-[(5-substituted phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]- 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 78(3), 352-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000125]
[24]
Badgujar, J.R.; More, D.H.; Meshram, J.S. Synthesis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of pyrazole based sulfonamide derivatives. Indian J. Microbiol., 2018, 58(1), 93-99.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-017-0689-6] [PMID: 29434402]
[25]
Brahmbhatt, H.; Molnar, M.; Pavi, V. Pyrazole nucleus fused tri-substituted imidazole derivatives as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Karbala Int. J. Mod. Sci., 2018, 4(2), 200-206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2018.01.006]
[26]
Viveka, S. Dinesha; Madhu, L.N.; Nagaraja, G.K. Synthesis of new pyrazole derivatives via multicomponent reaction and evaluation of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Monatsh. Chem., 2015, 146(9), 1547-1555.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1428-5]
[27]
Suthakaran, R.; Somasekhar, G.; Sridevi, C.; Marikannan, M.; Suganthi, K.; Nagarajan, G. Synthesis, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of 7-methoxy benzofuran pyrazoline derivatives. Asian J. Chem., 2007, 19(5), 3353-3362.
[28]
Harikrishna, N.; Isloor, A.M.; Ananda, K.; Obaid, A.; Fun, H.K. Synthesis, and antitubercular and antimicrobial activity of 1′-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazole containing 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoline derivatives. New J. Chem., 2016, 40(1), 73-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5NJ02237A]
[29]
Pandit, U.; Dodiya, A. Synthesis and antitubercular activity of novel pyrazole–quinazolinone hybrid analogs. Med. Chem. Res., 2013, 22(7), 3364-3371.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0351-0]
[30]
Surendra Kumar, R.; Arif, I.A.; Ahamed, A.; Idhayadhulla, A. Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of novel pyrazole analogues. Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 2016, 23(5), 614-620.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.07.005] [PMID: 27579011]
[31]
Selvam, T.P.; Kumar, P.V.; Saravanan, G.; Prakash, C.R. Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and biological activity of novel pyrazole derivatives. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 2014, 18(6), 1015-1021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.12.006]
[32]
Kendre, B.V.; Landge, M.G.; Bhusare, S.R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel pyrazole, isoxazole, benzoxazepine, benzothiazepine and benzodiazepine derivatives bearing an aryl sulfonate moiety as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. Arab. J. Chem., 2019, 12(8), 2091-2097.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.007]
[33]
Eweas, A.F.; El-Nezhawy, A.O.; Abdel-Rahman, R.F.; Baiuomy, A.R. Design, Synthesis, in vivo Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic Activities and Molecular Docking of Some Novel Pyrazolone Derivatives. Med. Chem., 2015, 5(10), 458-466.
[34]
Raju, G.N.; Babu, J.R.; Naik, B.M.; Lakshmi, K.; Nadendla, R.R. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of pyrazole derivatives containing indole ring as a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Pharma Chem., 2016, 8(4), 301-309.
[35]
El-Moghazy, S.M.; Barsoum, F.F.; Abdel-Rahman, H.M.; Marzouk, A.A. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of some pyrazole derivatives. Med. Chem. Res., 2012, 21(8), 1722-1733.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9691-4]
[36]
Chavan, R.R.; Hosamani, K.M. Microwave-assisted synthesis, computational studies and antibacterial/anti-inflammatory activities of compounds based on coumarin-pyrazole hybrid. R. Soc. Open Sci., 2018, 5(5), 172435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172435] [PMID: 29892430]
[37]
Singh, D.I. Synthesis of newly substituted pyrazole derivative and their antiinflammatory activity. Eur. J. Pharm. Med. Res., 2018, 5(11), 452-456.
[38]
Nassar, E.; Abdel-Aziz, H.A.; Ibrahim, H.S.; Mansour, A.M. Synthesis of diarylpyrazoles containing a phenylsulphone or carbonitrile moiety and their chalcones as possible anti-inflammatory agents. Sci. Pharm., 2011, 79(3), 507-524.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.1105-14] [PMID: 21886900]
[39]
Patra, P.K.; Patra, C.N.; Pattnaik, S. Synthesis and screening of nalgesic activity of some novel pyrazole. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2014, 5(5), 1874-1883.
[40]
Noor, A.; Qazi, N.G.; Nadeem, H.; Khan, A.; Paracha, R.Z.; Ali, F.; Saeed, A. Synthesis, characterization, anti-ulcer action and molecular docking evaluation of novel benzimidazole-pyrazole hybrids. Chem. Cent. J., 2017, 11(1), 85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0314-0] [PMID: 29086868]
[41]
Vinayaditya, S.; Ameeta, A.; Vikash, M.; Ramsneh, R.; Savita, A. Synthesis, structural analysis & biological evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of pyrazole derivatives containing thiourea. Int. J. Res. Pharma. Sci., 2011, 1(3), 125-146.
[42]
Faidallah, H.M.; Al-Mohammadi, M.M.; Alamry, K.A.; Khan, K.A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoropyrazolesulfonylurea and thiourea derivatives as possible antidiabetic agents. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., 2016, 31(sup1), 157-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1180594] [PMID: 27143238]