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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Author(s): Heloisa de Faria Baltazar, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Paula Midori Castelo, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Thaís Gascón, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga* and Edimar Cristiano Pereira

DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230110123143

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Use of Saliva to Assess the Adherence to Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Page: [1068 - 1076] Pages: 9

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Abstract

Background: The diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is made by demonstrating the hypoglycemic condition, which involves the determination of plasma glucose, and the follow-up of hypoglycemic treatment is performed by assessing the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the saliva as an alternative sample in assessing the adherence to treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Methods: We selected 68 patients with T2DM, who were subjected to venous blood and saliva collection, in addition to answering a standardized questionnaire on adherence to hypoglycemic treatment. Laboratory tests performed on saliva, whole blood, serum or plasma included assessment of glycemia, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin.

Results: It was concluded that 82% of the patients adhered to hypoglycemic treatment based on glycated hemoglobin concentration (cut-off value of 7.0%). Comparing the groups that adhered to hypoglycemic treatment and those that did not adhere, statistical differences (P<0.05) were observed in the glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin use (insulin therapy) parameters. Plasma glucose and urea serum concentration showed positive correlations when compared to saliva samples. Regarding the questionnaire, it was found that 35% of the patients presented positive screening for belief barriers and 83% positive score for recall barriers, and the positive screening correlated with glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusion: Data have shown that it is possible to use saliva as an alternative sample to the laboratory assessment of hypoglycemic treatment adherence in T2DM patients.

Graphical Abstract

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