Generic placeholder image

Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Author(s): Elsa Vitale*

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220701095751

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Correlations between Insomnia and Sex, Work Experience, Shift and Body Max Index in Italian Nurses: A Scoping Profile Statement

Page: [1303 - 1312] Pages: 10

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to assess any association existing between insomnia according to sex, work experience, shift and BMI values in Italian nurses.

Methods: An “ad hoc” questionnaire was created and administered online in October 2020. Data collected included: sex, years of work experience, shift work per day, BMI values, and insomnia levels.

Findings: A total of 341 Italian nurses were enrolled. Of these, 277 (81.23%) were females and n=64 (18.77%) males. No significant differences were assessed between ISI levels and sex, BMI scores, work experience and shift (p=.098; p=.978; p=.561; p=.222, respectively). Significant and inverse correlation was assessed between ISI values and sex (p=.019), BMI values (p=.033). While, no significant correlations were assessed between ISI levels and work experience (p=.805) and shift (p=.962), respectively. However, work experience reported significant correlations between BMI classes (p>.001) and shift (p<.001).

Conclusion: Data suggested potential health risk factors for the nursing workforce, associated with weight gain and developing Metabolic Syndrome. Therefore, the essence of the nursing profession could affect work performance and cause problems in the family and social life, as well as stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and irregular sleep patterns.

Keywords: Body Mass Index, insomnia, nurse, sex, shift work, workload.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Vitale, E.; Galatola, V.; Mea, R. Observational study on the potential psychological factors that affected Italian nurses involved in the COVID-19 health emergency. Acta Biomed., 2021, 92(S2), e2021007.
[PMID: 33855977]
[2]
Vitale, E.; Mea, R.; Di Dio, F.; Canonico, A.; Galatola, V. Anxiety, insomnia and body mass index scores in Italian nurses engaged in the care of covid-19 patients. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2021, 21(9), 1604-1612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666201016150033] [PMID: 33069203]
[3]
Stanojevic, C.; Simic, S.; Milutinovic, D. Health effects of sleep privation on nurses work shifts. Medicinski Prayed, 2016, 69(5-6), 183-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1606183S]
[4]
Surani, S.; Murphy, J.; Shah, A. Sleepy nurses: Are we willing to accept the challenge today? Nurs. Adm. Q., 2007, 31(2), 146-151.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NAQ.0000264863.94958.40] [PMID: 17413508]
[5]
Terada, T.; Mistura, M.; Tulloch, H.; Pipe, A.; Reed, J. Dietary behaviour is associated with cardiometabolic and psychological risk indicators in female hospital nurses-a post-hoc, cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 2019, 11(9), 2054.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092054] [PMID: 31480696]
[6]
Pepłońska, B.; Nowak, P.; Trafalska, E. The association between night shift work and nutrition patterns among nurses: A literature review. Med. Pr., 2019, 70(3), 363-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00816] [PMID: 31086356]
[7]
Bogossian, F.E.; Hepworth, J.; Leong, G.M.; Flaws, D.F.; Gibbons, K.S.; Benefer, C.A.; Turner, C.T. A cross-sectional analysis of patterns of obesity in a cohort of working nurses and midwives in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 2012, 49(6), 727-738.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.01.003] [PMID: 22307023]
[8]
Phiri, L.P.; Draper, C.E.; Lambert, E.V.; Kolbe-Alexander, T.L. Nurses’ lifestyle behaviours, health priorities and barriers to living a healthy lifestyle: A qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs., 2014, 13(1), 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12912-014-0038-6] [PMID: 25506262]
[9]
Perry, L.; Gallagher, R.; Duffield, C. The health and health behaviours of Australian metropolitan nurses: An exploratory study. BMC Nurs., 2015, 14(1), 45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12912-015-0091-9] [PMID: 26339200]
[10]
Vitale, E.; Fortunato, R.S.; Della Pietà, C.; Ciurlia, M.L.; Germini, F. Obesity and chronic diseases prevention among school children: Nursing intervention in healthy eating education: Obesity and chronic diseases prevention. Prog. Nutr., 2021, 23(2), e2021045.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.23751/pn.v23i2.9090]
[11]
Skaal, L.; Pengpid, S. Obesity and health problems among South African healthcare workers: Do healthcare workers take care of themselves? S. Afr. Fam. Pract., 2011, 53(6), 563-567.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2011.10874153]
[12]
Naidoo, R.; Coopoo, Y. The health and fitness profiles of nurses in KwaZulu-Natal. Curationis, 2007, 30(2), 66-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v30i2.1076] [PMID: 17703824]
[13]
Burton, J. World Health Organization: WHO Healthy workplace framework and model: Background and supporting literature and practices; , 2010, pp. 2-123. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/113144
[14]
Blake, H.; Harrison, C. Health behaviours and attitudes towards being role models. Br. J. Nurs., 2013, 22(2), 86-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2013.22.2.86] [PMID: 23587891]
[15]
Vitale, E.; Jirillo, E.; Magrone, T. Correlations between the Youth Healthy Eating Index, body mass index and the salivary nitric oxide concentration in overweight/obese children. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2014, 14(2), 93-101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530314666140307095630] [PMID: 24606838]
[16]
Vitale, E.; Magrone, M.; Galatola, V.; Magrone, T. The role of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic: What we know. Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets, 2021, 21(11), 1982-1992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530321666210114154401] [PMID: 33459251]
[17]
Vannabouathong, C.; Devji, T.; Ekhtiari, S.; Chang, Y.; Phillips, S.A.; Zhu, M.; Chagla, Z.; Main, C.; Bhandari, M. Novel coronavirus COVID-19: Current evidence and evolving strategies. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am., 2020, 102(9), 734-744.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.20.00396] [PMID: 32379112]
[18]
Deitrick, K.; Adams, J.; Davis, J. Emergency nursing care of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019. J. Emerg. Nurs., 2020, 46(6), 748-759.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.07.010] [PMID: 32972766]
[19]
Vitale, E. The mindfulness and the emotional regulation skills in Italian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive survey-correlational study. J. Holist. Nurs., 2021, 39(4), 345-355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08980101211015804] [PMID: 34048291]
[20]
Vitale, E.; Galatola, V.; Mea, R. Exploring within and between gender differences in burnout levels in Italian nurses engaged in the Covid-19 health emergency: A cohort observational study. Minerva Psichiatr., 2020, 61(4), 162-170.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/S0391-1772.20.02090-7]
[21]
LoGiudice, J.A.; Bartos, S. Experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study. AACN Adv. Crit. Care, 2021, 32(1), 14-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2021816] [PMID: 33450763]
[22]
Robinson, R.; Stinson, C.K. The lived experiences of nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dimens. Crit. Care Nurs., 2021, 40(3), 156-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DCC.0000000000000481] [PMID: 33792274]
[23]
Lucchini, A.; Iozzo, P.; Bambi, S. Nursing workload in the COVID-19 era. Intensive Crit. Care Nurs., 2020, 61, 102929.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102929] [PMID: 32893048]
[24]
Fontanini, R.; Visintini, E.; Rossettini, G.; Caruzzo, D.; Longhini, J.; Palese, A. Italian Nurses’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative analysis of internet posts. Int. Nurs. Rev., 2021, 68(2), 238-247.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/inr.12669] [PMID: 33730760]
[25]
Nabe-Nielsen, K.; Nilsson, C.J.; Juul-Madsen, M.; Bredal, C.; Hansen, L.O.P.; Hansen, Å.M. COVID-19 risk management at the workplace, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees. Occup. Environ. Med., 2021, 78(4), 248-254.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106831] [PMID: 33077432]
[26]
Vitale, E.; Cesano, E.; Germini, F. Prevalence of burnout among Italian nurses: A descriptive study. Acta Biomed., 2020, 91(4), e2020117.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.9008] [PMID: 33525294]
[27]
Stubbs, R.J.; Brogelli, D.J.; Barber, J.; Pallister, C.; Whybrow, S.; Avery, A.; Lavin, J. Service evaluation of weight outcomes as a function of initial BMI in 34,271 adults referred to a primary care/commercial weight management partnership scheme. BMC Res. Notes, 2013, 6(1), 161.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-161] [PMID: 23618381]
[28]
Veqar, Z.; Hussain, M.E. Validity and reliability of insomnia severity index and its correlation with Pittsburgh sleep quality index in poor sleepers among Indian university students. Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health, 2017, 32(1)
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2016-0090] [PMID: 28063259]
[29]
Bastien, C.H.; Vallières, A.; Morin, C.M. Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Med., 2001, 2(4), 297-307.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4] [PMID: 11438246]
[30]
Qiao, H.; Beibei, Z.; Chong, T.; Tieying, Z.; Yuzhi, G.; Jing, M.; Davidson, P.M. Both frequency and duration of rotating night shifts are associated with metabolic parameters: A cross-sectional study. Sleep Med., 2020, 71, 89-96.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.016] [PMID: 32502855]
[31]
Morin, C.M. Insomnia: Psychological Assessment and Management; Guilford Press: New York, 1993.
[32]
Morin, C.M.; Vallières, A.; Guay, B.; Ivers, H.; Savard, J.; Mérette, C.; Bastien, C.; Baillargeon, L. Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2009, 301(19), 2005-2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.682] [PMID: 19454639]
[33]
Castronovo, V.; Galbiati, A.; Marelli, S.; Brombin, C.; Cugnata, F.; Giarolli, L.; Anelli, M.M.; Rinaldi, F.; Ferini-Strambi, L. Validation study of the Italian version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Neurol. Sci., 2016, 37(9), 1517-1524.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-016-2620-z]
[34]
Şahin, M.K.; Aker, S.; Şahin, G.; Karabekiroğlu, A. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. J. Community Health, 2020, 45(6), 1168-1177.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00921-w] [PMID: 32915381]
[35]
Zhang, C.; Yang, L.; Liu, S.; Ma, S.; Wang, Y.; Cai, Z.; Du, H.; Li, R.; Kang, L.; Su, M.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, B. Survey of insomnia and related social psychological factors among medical staff involved in the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak. Front. Psychiatry, 2020, 11, 306.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00306] [PMID: 32346373]
[36]
Letvak, S.; Ruhm, C.; Gupta, S. Differences in health, productivity and quality of care in younger and older nurses. J. Nurs. Manag., 2013, 21(7), 914-921.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12181] [PMID: 24112420]
[37]
Blake, H.; Malik, S.; Mo, P.K.H.; Pisano, C. ‘Do as say, but not as I do’: Are next generation nurses role models for health? Perspect. Public Health, 2011, 131(5), 231-239.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913911402547] [PMID: 21999028]
[38]
Hubert, H.B.; Feinleib, M.; McNamara, P.M.; Castelli, W.P. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 1983, 67(5), 968-977.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.67.5.968] [PMID: 6219830]
[39]
Albougami, A.; Manzar, M.D. Insomnia severity index: A psychometric investigation among Saudi nurses. Sleep Breath., 2019, 23(3), 987-996.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11325-019-01812-8] [PMID: 30850944]
[40]
Kyle, R.G.; Wills, J.; Mahoney, C.; Hoyle, L.; Kelly, M.; Atherton, I.M. Obesity prevalence among healthcare professionals in England: A cross-sectional study using the Health Survey for England. BMJ Open, 2017, 7(12), e018498.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018498] [PMID: 29203505]
[41]
Johnson, R.K.; Appel, L.J.; Brands, M.; Howard, B.V.; Lefevre, M.; Lustig, R.H.; Sacks, F.; Steffen, L.M.; Wylie-Rosett, J. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2009, 120(11), 1011-1020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192627] [PMID: 19704096]
[42]
Lustig, R.H.; Schmidt, L.A.; Brindis, C.D. Public health: The toxic truth about sugar. Nature, 2012, 482(7383), 27-29.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/482027a] [PMID: 22297952]
[43]
Must, A.; Spadano, J.; Coakley, E.H.; Field, A.E.; Colditz, G.; Dietz, W.H. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA, 1999, 282(16), 1523-1529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.16.1523] [PMID: 10546691]
[44]
Makrides, L.; Sawatzky, C.; Petrie, J.; Veinot, P. Modifiable health risks in Atlantic Canadian employees: A 5-year report. Health Promot. Int., 2010, 25(4), 384-393.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daq042] [PMID: 20605847]
[45]
Ricci, J.A.; Chee, E. Lost productive time associated with excess weight in the U.S. workforce. J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2005, 47(12), 1227-1234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000184871.20901.c3] [PMID: 16340703]
[46]
Fadeyi, B.A.; Ayoka, A.O.; Fawale, M.B.; Quadri, K.A.; Oluwadaisi, A.M.; Omole, J.G. Prevalence, predictors and effects of shift work sleep disorder among nurses in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Sleep Sci. Pract., 2018, 2(6), 6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41606-018-0027-x]
[47]
Cole, R.J.; Loving, R.T.; Kripke, D.F. Psychiatric aspects of shiftwork. Occup. Med., 1990, 5(2), 301-314.
[PMID: 2203159]
[48]
Knutsson, A.; Bøggild, H. Shiftwork and cardiovascular disease: Review of disease mechanisms. Rev. Environ. Health, 2000, 15(4), 359-372.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/REVEH.2000.15.4.359] [PMID: 11199246]
[49]
Scheer, F.A.; Hilton, M.F.; Mantzoros, C.S.; Shea, S.A. Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2009, 106(11), 4453-4458.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808180106] [PMID: 19255424]
[50]
Delezie, J.; Challet, E. Interactions between metabolism and circadian clocks: Reciprocal disturbances. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2011, 1243(1), 30-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06246.x] [PMID: 22211891]
[51]
Lauby-Secretan, B.; Scoccianti, C.; Loomis, D.; Grosse, Y.; Bianchini, F.; Straif, K. Body fatness and cancer-viewpoint of the IARC working group. N. Engl. J. Med., 2016, 375(8), 794-798.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1606602] [PMID: 27557308]
[52]
Hecker, J.; Freijer, K.; Hiligsmann, M.; Evers, S.M.A.A. Burden of disease study of overweight and obesity; the societal impact in terms of cost-of-illness and health-related quality of life. BMC Public Health, 2022, 22(1), 46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12449-2] [PMID: 34996413]
[53]
Frost, P.; Kolstad, H.A.; Bonde, J.P. Shift work and the risk of ischemic heart disease - a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2009, 35(3), 163-179.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1319] [PMID: 19387517]
[54]
Wyse, C.A.; Celis Morales, C.A.; Graham, N.; Fan, Y.; Ward, J.; Curtis, A.M.; Mackay, D.; Smith, D.J.; Bailey, M.E.S.; Biello, S.; Gill, J.M.R.; Pell, J.P. Adverse metabolic and mental health outcomes associated with shiftwork in a population-based study of 277,168 workers in UK biobank. Ann. Med., 2017, 49(5), 411-420.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2017.1292045] [PMID: 28166415]
[55]
Neil-Sztramko, S.E.; Gotay, C.C.; Demers, P.A.; Campbell, K.L. Physical activity, physical ftness, and body composition of Canadian shift workers: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2. J. Occup. Environ. Med., 2016, 58(1), 94-100.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000574] [PMID: 26716853]
[56]
Torquati, L.; Mielke, G.I.; Brown, W.J.; Kolbe-Alexander, T. Shift work and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis including dose-response relationship. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2018, 44(3), 229-238.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3700] [PMID: 29247501]
[57]
Brum, M.C.; Filho, F.F.; Schnorr, C.C.; Bottega, G.B.; Rodrigues, T.C. Shift work and its association with metabolic disorders. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr., 2015, 7(1), 45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13098-015-0041-4] [PMID: 25991926]
[58]
Samhat, Z.; Attieh, R.; Sacre, Y. Relationship between night shift work, eating habits and BMI among nurses in Lebanon. BMC Nurs., 2020, 19(25), 25.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00412-2] [PMID: 32313450]
[59]
Rohmer, O.; Bonnefond, A.; Muzet, A.; Tassi, P. Study of sleep/wake rhythm, general motor activity and eating behavior of obese shift workers: The example of nurses. Trav. Hum., 2004, 67(4), 359-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/th.674.0359]
[60]
Délèze, C.; Trummer, T. Les influences du travail de nuit sur la qualité de vie des infirmières. Thèse pour l’obtention du diplôme Bachelor of Sciences HES-SO en soins infirmiers HES-SO Valais, 2010.
[61]
Cain, S.W.; Filtness, A.J.; Phillips, C.L.; Anderson, C. Enhanced preference for high-fat foods following a simulated night shift. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2015, 41(3), 288-293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3486] [PMID: 25699635]
[62]
de Assis, M.A.A.; Nahas, M.V.; Bellisle, F.; Kupek, E. Meals, snacks and food choices in Brazilian shift workers with high energy expenditure. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet., 2003, 16(4), 283-289.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-277X.2003.00448.x] [PMID: 12859710]
[63]
Sweeney, E.; Yu, Z.M.; Dummer, T.J.B.; Cui, Y.; DeClercq, V.; Forbes, C.; Grandy, S.A.; Keats, M.; Parker, L.; Adisesh, A. The relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift work: Findings from the Atlantic PATH Cohort Study. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 2020, 93(1), 67-76.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-019-01459-8] [PMID: 31346709]
[64]
Di Lorenzo, L.; De Pergola, G.; Zocchetti, C.; L’Abbate, N.; Basso, A.; Pannacciulli, N.; Cignarelli, M.; Giorgino, R.; Soleo, L. Effect of shift work on body mass index: Results of a study performed in 319 glucose-tolerant men working in a Southern Italian industry. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2003, 27(11), 1353-1358.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802419]
[65]
Haus, E.; Reinberg, A.; Mauvieux, B.; Le Floc’h, N.; Sackett-Lundeen, L.; Touitou, Y. Risk of obesity in male shift workers: A chronophysiological approach. Chronobiol. Int., 2016, 33(8), 1018-1036.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2016.1167079] [PMID: 27366928]
[66]
Itani, O.; Kaneita, Y.; Murata, A.; Yokoyama, E.; Ohida, T. Association of onset of obesity with sleep duration and shift work among Japanese adults. Sleep Med., 2011, 12(4), 341-345.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.007] [PMID: 21377926]
[67]
Zhang, Q.; Chair, S.Y.; Lo, S.H.S.; Chau, J.P.; Schwade, M.; Zhao, X. Association between shift work and obesity among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 2020, 112, 103757.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103757] [PMID: 32921429]
[68]
Morikawa, Y.; Nakagawa, H.; Miura, K.; Soyama, Y.; Ishizaki, M.; Kido, T.; Naruse, Y.; Suwazono, Y.; Nogawa, K. Effect of shift work on body mass index and metabolic parameters. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2007, 33(1), 45-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1063] [PMID: 17353964]
[69]
Ostry, A.S.; Radi, S.; Louie, A.M.; LaMontagne, A.D. Psychosocial and other working conditions in relation to body mass index in a representative sample of Australian workers. BMC Public Health, 2006, 6(1), 53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-53] [PMID: 16512915]
[70]
Suwazono, Y.; Dochi, M.; Sakata, K.; Okubo, Y.; Oishi, M.; Tanaka, K.; Kobayashi, E.; Kido, T.; Nogawa, K. A longitudinal study on the effect of shift work on weight gain in male Japanese workers. Obesity (Silver Spring), 2008, 16(8), 1887-1893.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.298] [PMID: 18535539]
[71]
Tanaka, K.; Sakata, K.; Oishi, M.; Morimoto, H.; Nakada, S.; Uetani, M.; Nogawa, K.; Suwazono, Y. Estimation of the benchmark duration of shiftwork associated with weight gain in male Japanese workers. Chronobiol. Int., 2010, 27(9-10), 1895-1910.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.516045] [PMID: 20969530]
[72]
Antunes, L.C.; Levandovski, R.; Dantas, G.; Caumo, W.; Hidalgo, M.P. Obesity and shift work: Chronobiological aspects. Nutr. Res. Rev., 2010, 23(1), 155-168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000016] [PMID: 20122305]
[73]
McGlynn, N.; Kirsh, V.A.; Cotterchio, M.; Harris, M.A.; Nadalin, V.; Kreiger, N. Shift work and obesity among Canadian women: A cross-sectional study using a novel exposure assessment tool. PLoS One, 2015, 10(9), e0137561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137561] [PMID: 26376050]
[74]
Pan, A.; Schernhammer, E.S.; Sun, Q.; Hu, F.B. Rotating night shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes: Two prospective cohort studies in women. PLoS Med., 2011, 8(12), e1001141.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001141] [PMID: 22162955]
[75]
Han, K.; Choi-Kwon, S.; Kim, K.S. Poor dietary behaviors among hospital nurses in Seoul, South Korea. ANR, 2016, 30, 38-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.10.009] [PMID: 27091251]
[76]
Kahleová, H.; Lloren, J.I.; Mashchak, A.; Hill, M.; Fraser, G. Frequency and timing of meals and changes in body mass index: Analysis of the data from the Adventist Health Study-2. Vnitr. Lek., 2016, 62(11)(Suppl. 4), S15-S20.
[PMID: 27921420]
[77]
Almajwal, A.M. Stress, shift duty, and eating behavior among nurses in Central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J., 2016, 37(2), 191-198.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2016.2.13060] [PMID: 26837403]
[78]
Faugier, J.; Lancaster, J.; Pickles, D.; Dobson, K. Barriers to healthy eating in the nursing profession: Part 1. Nurs. Stand., 2001, 15(36), 33-36.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2001.05.15.36.33.c3030]
[79]
van Amelsvoort, L.G.; Schouten, E.G.; Kok, F.J. Duration of shiftwork related to body mass index and waist to hip ratio. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 1999, 23(9), 973-978.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801028]
[80]
Arimura, M.; Imai, M.; Okawa, M.; Fujimura, T.; Yamada, N. Sleep, mental health status, and medical errors among hospital nurses in Japan. Ind. Health, 2010, 48(6), 811-817.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.MS1093] [PMID: 20616466]
[81]
Suzuki, K.; Ohida, T.; Kaneita, Y.; Yokoyama, E.; Miyake, T.; Harano, S.; Yagi, Y.; Ibuka, E.; Kaneko, A.; Tsutsui, T.; Uchiyama, M. Mental health status, shift work, and occupational accidents among hospital nurses in Japan. J. Occup. Health, 2004, 46(6), 448-454.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.448] [PMID: 15613767]
[82]
Vetter, C.; Devore, E.E.; Wegrzyn, L.R.; Massa, J.; Speizer, F.E.; Kawachi, I.; Rosner, B.; Stampfer, M.J.; Schernhammer, E.S. Association between rotating night shift work and risk of coronary heart disease among women. JAMA, 2016, 315(16), 1726-1734.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4454] [PMID: 27115377]
[83]
Peplonska, B.; Bukowska, A.; Sobala, W. Association of rotating night shift work with BMI and abdominal obesity among nurses and midwives. PLoS One, 2015, 10(7), e0133761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133761] [PMID: 26196859]
[84]
Hemmer, A.; Mareschal, J.; Dibner, C.; Pralong, J.A.; Dorribo, V.; Perrig, S.; Genton, L.; Pichard, C.; Collet, T-H. The effects of shift work on cardio-metabolic diseases and eating patterns. Nutrients, 2021, 13(11), 4178.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114178] [PMID: 34836433]
[85]
Escasany, M.; Tumminello, M.J.; Gonzàlez, G.A. Metabolic syndrome in nursing staff. Revista Espanola de Nutriciòn Humana y Dietètica, 2012, 16(3), 89-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.16.3.72]
[86]
Tsou, M.T.; Pai, T.P.; Chiang, T.M.; Huang, W.H.; Lin, H.M.; Lee, S.C. Burnout and metabolic syndrome among different departments of medical center nurses in Taiwan-Cross-sectional study and biomarker research. J. Occup. Health, 2021, 63(1), e12188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12188] [PMID: 33469969]
[87]
Miller, S.K.; Alpert, P.T.; Cross, C.L. Overweight and obesity in nurses, advanced practice nurses, and nurse educators. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract., 2008, 20(5), 259-265.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2008.00319.x] [PMID: 18460166]
[88]
Yeh, C.J.; Chang, H.Y.; Pan, W.H. Time trend of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and related dietary pattern in Taiwan: From NAHSIT 1993-1996 to NAHSIT 2005-2008. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 20(2), 292-300.
[PMID: 21669598]
[89]
Yeh, W.C.; Chuang, H.H.; Lu, M.C.; Tzeng, I.S.; Chen, J.Y. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among employees of a Taiwanese Hospital varies according to profession. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018, 97(31), e11664.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000011664] [PMID: 30075556]
[90]
Li, Y.; Zhao, L.; Yu, D.; Wang, Z.; Ding, G. Metabolic syndrome prevalence and its risk factors among adults in China: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 2018, 13(6), e0199293.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199293] [PMID: 29920555]
[91]
Rho, Y.H.; Choi, S.J.; Lee, Y.H.; Ji, J.D.; Choi, K.M.; Baik, S.H.; Chung, S.H.; Kim, C.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Lee, S.W.; Chung, W.T.; Song, G.G. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout: A multicenter study. J. Korean Med. Sci., 2005, 20(6), 1029-1033.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2005.20.6.1029] [PMID: 16361817]
[92]
Ghosh, A.; Liu, T.; Khoury, M.J.; Valdez, R. Family history of diabetes and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults without diabetes: 6-year results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). Public Health Genomics, 2010, 13(6), 353-359.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000262330] [PMID: 19940459]
[93]
Lipińska, A.; Koczaj-Bremer, M.; Jankowski, K.; Kaźmierczak, A.; Ciurzyński, M.; Ou-Pokrzewińska, A.; Mikocka, E.; Lewandowski, Z.; Demkow, U.; Pruszczyk, P. Does family history of metabolic syndrome affect the metabolic profile phenotype in young healthy individuals? Diabetol. Metab. Syndr., 2014, 6(1), 75.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-6-75] [PMID: 25024747]
[94]
Shuval, K.; Sahar, L.; Gabriel, K.P.; Knell, G.; Weinstein, G.; Gafni Gal, T.; Lobelo, F.; DiPietro, L. Sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, and metabolic syndrome: Pilot findings from the rapid assessment disuse index study. J. Phys. Act. Health, 2020, 17(10), 1042-1046.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0645] [PMID: 32908021]
[95]
Shuval, K.; Kohl, H.W., III; Bernstein, I.; Cheng, D.; Pettee Gabriel, K.; Barlow, C.E.; Yinghui, L.; DiPietro, L. Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity assessment in primary care: The Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) study. Br. J. Sports Med., 2014, 48(3), 250-255.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092901] [PMID: 24144532]
[96]
Liu, S.; Manson, J.E. Dietary carbohydrates, physical inactivity, obesity, and the ‘metabolic syndrome’ as predictors of coronary heart disease. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2001, 12(4), 395-404.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041433-200108000-00005] [PMID: 11507324]
[97]
Tims, M.; Bakker, A.B.; Derks, D. The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. J. Occup. Health Psychol., 2013, 18(2), 230-240.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032141] [PMID: 23506549]
[98]
Shin, S.; Lim, J.; Lee, H.W.; Kim, C.E.; Kim, S.A.; Lee, J.K.; Kang, D. Association between the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and coffee consumption among Korean adults: Results from the Health Examinees study. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 2019, 44(12), 1371-1378.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0880]
[99]
Kim, S.A.; Shin, S. The association between coffee consumption pattern and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Nutrients, 2019, 11(12), 2992.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122992] [PMID: 31817748]
[100]
Suliga, E. Kozieł D.; Ciesla, E.; Rebak, D.; Głuszek-Osuch, M.; Głuszek, S. Consumption of alcoholic beverages and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. Nutrients, 2019, 11(11), 2764.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112764] [PMID: 31739490]
[101]
Pietroiusti, A.; Neri, A.; Somma, G.; Coppeta, L.; Iavicoli, I.; Bergamaschi, A.; Magrini, A. Incidence of metabolic syndrome among night-shift healthcare workers. Occup. Environ. Med., 2010, 67(1), 54-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.046797] [PMID: 19737731]
[102]
Canuto, R.; Garcez, A.S.; Olinto, M.T. Metabolic syndrome and shift work: A systematic review. Sleep Med. Rev., 2013, 17(6), 425-431.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2012.10.004] [PMID: 23531362]
[103]
Reiter, R.J.; Tan, D.X.; Korkmaz, A.; Ma, S. Obesity and metabolic syndrome: Association with chronodisruption, sleep deprivation, and melatonin suppression. Ann. Med., 2012, 44(6), 564-577.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853890.2011.586365] [PMID: 21668294]
[104]
Zhang, S.; Wang, H.; Wang, Y.; Yu, M.; Yuan, J. Association of rotating night shift work with body fat percentage and fat mass index among female steelworkers in North China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2021, 18(12), 6355.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126355] [PMID: 34208238]
[105]
Khosravipour, M.; Shahmohammadi, M.; Athar, H.V. The effects of rotating and extended night shift work on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. Diabetes Metab. Syndr., 2019, 13(6), 3085-3089.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.006] [PMID: 31765983]
[106]
Heidemann, C.; Scheidt-Nave, C.; Richter, A.; Mensink, G.B. Dietary patterns are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a representative study population of German adults. Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 106(8), 1253-1262.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511001504] [PMID: 21736839]
[107]
Kakiashvili, T.; Leszek, J.; Rutkowski, K. The medical perspective on burnout. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health, 2013, 26(3), 401-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13382-013-0093-3] [PMID: 24018996]
[108]
Deneva, T.; Ianakiev, Y.; Keskinova, D. Burnout syndrome in physicians-psychological assessment and biomarker research. Medicina (Kaunas), 2019, 55(5), 209.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050209] [PMID: 31137738]
[109]
Guo, Y.; Lam, L.; Luo, Y.; Plummer, V.; Cross, W.; Li, H.; Yin, Y.; Zhang, J. Female nurses’ burnout symptoms: No association with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2017, 77, 47-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.020] [PMID: 28012293]
[110]
Asberg, M.; Nygren, A.; Leopardi, R.; Rylander, G.; Peterson, U.; Wilczek, L.; Källmén, H.; Ekstedt, M.; Akerstedt, T.; Lekander, M.; Ekman, R. Novel biochemical markers of psychosocial stress in women. PLoS One, 2009, 4(1), e3590.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003590] [PMID: 19177163]
[111]
Harbeck, B.; Suefke, S.; Haas, C.S.; Lehnert, H.; Kropp, P.; Moenig, H. No stress after 24-hour on-call shifts? J. Occup. Health, 2015, 57(5), 438-447.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh.14-0276-OA] [PMID: 26119209]
[112]
Sonnentag, S. Burnout and functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis--there are no simple answers. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health, 2006, 32(5), 333-337.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1028] [PMID: 17091200]
[113]
Grossi, G.; Perski, A.; Ekstedt, M.; Johansson, T.; Lindström, M.; Holm, K. The morning salivary cortisol response in burnout. J. Psychosom. Res., 2005, 59(2), 103-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.02.009] [PMID: 16186006]
[114]
Melamed, S.; Shirom, A.; Toker, S.; Berliner, S.; Shapira, I. Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions. Psychol. Bull., 2006, 132(3), 327-353.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.327] [PMID: 16719565]
[115]
Lee, J.Y.; Lee, J.W.; Choi, W.S.; Myong, J.P. Dose-response relationship between night work and the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose: The Korean worker’s special health examination for night workers cohort. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2021, 18(4), 1854.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041854] [PMID: 33672896]
[116]
Copertaro, A.; Barbaresi, M.; Bracci, M. Shift work and cardiometabolic risk. Recenti Prog. Med., 2009, 100(11), 502-507.
[PMID: 20066881]
[117]
Gorin, A.A.; Phelan, S.; Wing, R.R.; Hill, J.O. Promoting long-term weight control: Does dieting consistency matter? Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 2004, 28(2), 278-281.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802550]
[118]
Forejt, M.; Brázdová, Z.D.; Novák, J.; Zlámal, F.; Forbelská, M.; Bienert, P. Mořkovská, P.; Zavřelová, M.; Pohořalá, A.; Jurášková, M.; Salah, N.; Bienertová-Vašků J. Higher energy intake variability as predisposition to obesity: Novel approach using interquartile range. Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 2017, 25(4), 321-325.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4451] [PMID: 29346857]
[119]
Alam, I.; Larbi, A.; Pawelec, G.; Paracha, P.I. Relationship between anthropometric variables and nutrient intake in apparently healthy male elderly individuals: A study from Pakistan. Nutr. J., 2011, 10(1), 111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-111] [PMID: 21992515]
[120]
Kahleova, H.; Lloren, J.I.; Mashchak, A.; Hill, M.; Fraser, G.E. Meal frequency and timing are associated with changes in body mass index in adventist health study 2. J. Nutr., 2017, 147(9), 1722-1728.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.244749] [PMID: 28701389]
[121]
Rosenbaum, D.L.; Schumacher, L.M.; Schaumberg, K.; Piers, A.D.; Gaspar, M.E.; Lowe, M.R.; Forman, E.M.; Butryn, M.L. Energy intake highs and lows: How much does consistency matter in weight control? Clin. Obes., 2016, 6(3), 193-201.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cob.12142] [PMID: 27020845]
[122]
Murakami, K.; Livingstone, M.B. Eating frequency is positively associated with overweight and central obesity in U.S. adults. J. Nutr., 2015, 145(12), 2715-2724.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.219808] [PMID: 26468490]
[123]
Paoli, A.; Tinsley, G.; Bianco, A.; Moro, T. The influence of meal frequency and timing on health in humans: The role of fasting. Nutrients, 2019, 11(4), 719.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040719] [PMID: 30925707]
[124]
Mattson, M.P. Energy intake, meal frequency, and health: A neurobiological perspective. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2005, 25(1), 237-260.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092526] [PMID: 16011467]
[125]
Sangsefidi, Z.S.; Lorzadeh, E.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Mirzaei, M. Dietary habits and psychological disorders in a large sample of Iranian adults: A population-based study. Ann. Gen. Psychiatry, 2020, 19(1), 8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12991-020-00263-w] [PMID: 32123535]