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Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets

Author(s): Arikath Kirtana and Barathi Seetharaman*

DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220411082656

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Comprehending the Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Inducing Epigenetic Toxicity

Page: [1059 - 1072] Pages: 14

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Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are natural or man-made chemicals that interfere with the body’s endocrine system leading to hormone synthesis and production defects. These chemicals are categorized as plasticizers and cosmetic chemicals, heavy metals, phytoestrogens, pesticides, detergents, surfactants, and flame retardants. Some of the most common endocrine disruptors are dioxins, bisphenol A, phthalates, perchlorate, perfluoroalkyl, and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAs), phytoestrogens, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), triclosan, atrazine, lead, arsenic, mercury, organophosphate pesticides, and glycol ethers. Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA regulation have been observed to play a major role in many diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, PCOS, cardiovascular diseases, and various other disorders. In recent times, there has been a focus on endocrine-disrupting chemicals in epigenetic alterations. This review concentrates on estrogen and androgen disrupting effects, placental, and fetal effects, thyroid disrupting effects, and transgenerational effects of endocrine disruptors.

Keywords: Endocrine disruptors, epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, mRNA disruption, placental toxicity, fetal toxicity, estrogen and androgen toxicity, thyroid disruption, transgenerational toxicity.

Graphical Abstract

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