Abstract

Superparamagnetic nanoparticles, such as magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃), have been used to produce magnetic nanocomposites with several polymeric matrices including magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites. Through the incorporation of these nanoparticles, the nanocomposite presents superparamagnetism, low coercivity, and high magnetic susceptibility. Due to these features, magnetic nanomaterials can be removed from the site where they are inserted through an external magnetic field, thus distinguishing them from conventional systems such as those used to treat oily water, which require expensive chemical agents for removal. These properties depend directly on the size distribution of the nanoparticles and the presence or absence of interactions between the surface of the polymeric matrix and the contaminants. These materials have many applications. The objective of this article is to present a bibliographic review of the state-of-the-art evolution of magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene nanocomposites over the years. According to the reports in the literature, these systems are superior to those applied conventionally in the sectors of biotechnology, agriculture, oil/gas, and nuclear chemistry, mainly for the removal of toxic metals from aqueous media.

Keywords: Magnetic styrene-divinylbenzene, magnetic nanocomposites, nanocomposites, nanoparticles, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, magnetite, maghemite.

Graphical Abstract