profile pic

Adolescent Psychiatry

Author(s): Sreedevi Damodar*, Cidney Lokemoen, Vikram Gurusamy, Manpreet Takhi, Daniel Bishev, Allison Parrill, Melissa Deviney, Ulziibat Person, Ijendu Korie and Romain Branch

DOI: 10.2174/2210676612666220225122720

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Trending: A Systematic Review of Social Media Use’s Influence on Adolescent Anxiety and Depression

Page: [11 - 22] Pages: 12

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: With new technological advancements, adolescents can obtain devices that give them virtually unlimited access to social media (SM) which may impact adolescent mental health.

Objectives: This literature review aims to evaluate the influence of social media use on adolescent anxiety and depression.

Methods: A literature search of PubMed from June 2010 through June 2020 was completed for the following MeSH terms: social media, adolescent, anxiety, depression, and mental health. English language articles that discussed adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, anxiety and/or depression and SM were included. Extracted data included the SM platform, impact on anxiety and depression, interventions, temporal and dose-response relationships, and observed versus self-reported usage.

Results: The majority of articles positively associated depression (82.6%) and anxiety (78.3%) with SM use. depression corresponded with cyber-bullying (42.1%), negative social perspective (21.0%), diminished self-esteem (15.8%), and sleep disturbance (10.5%). Anxiety corresponded with a negative social perspective (44.4%), diminished self-esteem (33.3%), sleep disturbance (16.7%), and cyber-bullying (16.7%). Many studies suggested the use of interventions to reduce depression (72.7%) and anxiety (72.7%), such as screen time restrictions (n=6) and social support (n=4), but lacked evaluation of their implementation.

Conclusion: Current literature suggests a positive association between adolescent SM use with anxiety and depression. Our study highlights the need for further investigation of temporal and dose-response associations between SM use and adolescent mental health, and the potential benefits of SM-driven interventions.

Keywords: Adolescent, anxiety, depression, mental health, social media, sleep disturbance.

Allen, K.A., Ryan, T., Gray, D.L., Mcinerney, D.M., Waters, L. (2014). Social media use and social connectedness in adolescents: The positives and the potential pitfalls. Aust. J. Educ. Dev. Psychol., 31(1), 18-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2014.2]
Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Erkanli, A. (1999). Comorbidity. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 40(1), 57-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00424] [PMID: 10102726]
Bailin, A., Milanaik, R., Adesman, A. (2014). Health implications of new age technologies for adolescents: A review of the research. Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 26(5), 605-619.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000140] [PMID: 25160783]
Barry, C.T., Sidoti, C.L., Briggs, S.M., Reiter, S.R., Lindsey, R.A. (2017). Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. J. Adolesc., 61, 1-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005] [PMID: 28886571]
Bry, L.J., Chou, T., Miguel, E., Comer, J.S. (2018). Consumer smartphone apps marketed for child and adolescent anxiety: A systematic review and content analysis. Behav. Ther., 49(2), 249-261.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.07.008] [PMID: 29530263]
Byron, P., Albury, K., Evers, C. (2013). It would be weird to have that on Facebook: Young people’s use of social media and the risk of sharing sexual health information. Reprod. Health Matters, 21(41), 35-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0968-8080(13)41686-5] [PMID: 23684185]
Carson, N.J., Gansner, M., Khang, J. (2018). Assessment of digital media use in the adolescent psychiatric evaluation. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am., 27(2), 133-143.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.003] [PMID: 29502741]
Common Sense Media. (2019). The common sense census: Media use by tweens and teens Available from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/the-common-sense-census-media-use-by-tweens-and-teens-2019
Derevensky, J.L., Hayman, V., Lynette, Gilbeau (2019). Behavioral addictions: Excessive gambling, gaming, internet, and smartphone use among children and adolescents. Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 66(6), 1163-1182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.008] [PMID: 31679605]
Desjarlais, M., Gilmour, J., Sinclair, J., Howell, K.B., West, A. (2015). Predictors and social consequences of online interactive SELF-DISCLOSURE: A literature review from 2002 to 2014. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw., 18(12), 718-725.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0109] [PMID: 26652672]
Glover, J., Fritsch, S.L. (2018). #Kidsanxiety and social media. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am., 27(2), 171-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.005] [PMID: 29502744]
Guessoum, S.B., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., Moro, M.R. (2020). Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Res., 291, 113264.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264] [PMID: 32622172]
Hoare, E., Milton, K., Foster, C., Allender, S. (2016). The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: A systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act., 13(1), 108.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4] [PMID: 27717387]
Hoge, E., Bickham, D., Cantor, J. (2017). Digital media, anxiety, and depression in children. Pediatrics, 140 (Suppl. 2), S76-S80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758G] [PMID: 29093037]
Huang, C. (2017). Time spent on social network sites and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw., 20(6), 346-354.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0758] [PMID: 28622031]
Hur, J., Gupta, M. (2013). Growing up in the web of social networking: Adolescent development and social media. Adolesc. Psychiatry (Hilversum), 3(3), 233-244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676611303030004]
Jiang, J. (2018). How teens and parents navigate screen time and device distractions.Available from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/08/22/how-teens-and-parents-navigate-screen-time-and-device-distractions/ (Accessed on: August 22, 2018).
Jorgenson, A.G., Hsiao, R.C., Yen, C.F. (2016). Internet addiction and other behavioral addictions. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am., 25(3), 509-520.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.004] [PMID: 27338971]
Kaplan, A.M., Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Bus. Horiz., 53(1), 59-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003]
Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E.E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593] [PMID: 15939837]
Li, M., Jiang, X., Ren, Y. (2017). Mediator effects of positive emotions on social support and depression among adolescents suffering from mobile phone addiction. Psychiatr. Danub., 29(2), 207-213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2017.207] [PMID: 28636580]
Lin, L.Y., Sidani, J.E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J.B., Hoffman, B.L., Giles, L.M., Primack, B.A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depress. Anxiety, 33(4), 323-331.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.22466] [PMID: 26783723]
Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environ. Res., 164, 149-157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015] [PMID: 29499467]
Morin-Major, J.K., Marin, M.F., Durand, N., Wan, N., Juster, R.P., Lupien, S.J. (2016). Facebook behaviors associated with diurnal cortisol in adolescents: Is befriending stressful? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 63, 238-246.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.005] [PMID: 26519778]
Manago, A.M., Taylor, T., Greenfield, P.M. (2012). Me and my 400 friends: The anatomy of college students’ Facebook networks, their communication patterns, and well-being. Dev. Psychol., 48(2), 369-380.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026338] [PMID: 22288367]
Marino, C., Gini, G., Vieno, A., Spada, M.M. (2018). The associations between problematic Facebook use, psychological distress and well-being among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 226, 274-281.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.007] [PMID: 29024900]
Mills, J.S., Musto, S., Williams, L., Tiggemann, M. (2018). “Selfie” harm: Effects on mood and body image in young women. Body Image, 27, 86-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.007] [PMID: 30149282]
Muzzafar, N., Briceno Brito, E., Fogel, J., Fagan, D., Kumar, K., Verma, R. (2018). The association of adolescent facebook behaviours with symptoms of social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression. J. Can. Acad. Child Adolescent Psychol., 27(4), 252-260.
National Institute of Mental Health.2017 Any anxiety disorder. Any anxiety disorder.Available from www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder.shtml
Paschke, K., Austermann, M.I., Thomasius, R. (2021). ICD-11-based assessment of social media use disorder in adolescents: Development and validation of the social media use disorder scale for adolescents. Front. Psychiatry, 12, 661483.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661483] [PMID: 33967862]
Pew Research Center: Internet, Science Tech.2019 Available from: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/social-media/
Primack, B.A., Escobar-Viera, C.G. (2017). Social media as it interfaces with psychosocial development and mental illness in transitional age youth. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am., 26(2), 217-233.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.007] [PMID: 28314452]
Rafla, M., Carson, N.J., DeJong, S.M. (2014). Adolescents and the internet: What mental health clinicians need to know. Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 16(9), 472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0472-x] [PMID: 25070673]
Rajamohan, S., Bennett, E., Tedone, D. (2019). The hazards and benefits of social media use in adolescents. Nursing, 49(11), 52-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000585908.13109.24] [PMID: 31651777]
Ralph, L.J., Berglas, N.F., Schwartz, S.L., Brindis, C.D. (2011). Finding teens in their space: Using social networking sites to connect youth to sexual health services. Sex. Res. Soc. Policy, 8(1), 38-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13178-011-0043-4]
Richards, D., Caldwell, P.H., Go, H. (2015). Impact of social media on the health of children and young people. J. Paediatr. Child Health, 51(12), 1152-1157.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13023] [PMID: 26607861]
Ridout, B., Campbell, A. (2018). The use of social networking sites in mental health interventions for young people: Systematic review. J. Med. Internet Res., 20(12), e12244.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12244] [PMID: 30563811]
Royal Society for Public Health.2012 #StatusOfMind: Social media and young people’s mental health and wellbeing.Available from www.rsph.org.uk/uploads/assets/uploaded/d125b27c-0b62-41c5-a2c0155a8887cd01.pdf
Sahu, M., Gandhi, S., Sharma, M.K. (2019). Mobile phone addiction among children and adolescents. J. Addict. Nurs., 30(4), 261-268.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000309] [PMID: 31800517]
Saunders, T.J., Vallance, J.K. (2017). Screen time and health Indicators among children and YOUTH: Current evidence, limitations and future directions. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy, 15(3), 323-331.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40258-016-0289-3] [PMID: 27798796]
Seabrook, E.M., Kern, M.L., Rickard, N.S. (2016). Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review. JMIR Ment. Health, 3(4), e50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842] [PMID: 27881357]
Shah, J., Das, P., Muthiah, N., Milanaik, R. (2019). New age technology and social media: Adolescent psychosocial implications and the need for protective measures. Curr. Opin. Pediatr., 31(1), 148-156.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000714] [PMID: 30507648]
Stiglic, N., Viner, R.M. (2019). Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9(1), e023191.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191] [PMID: 30606703]
Vannucci, A., McCauley Ohannessian, C. (2019). Social media use subgroups differentially predict psychosocial well-being during early adolescence. J. Youth Adolesc., 48(8), 1469-1493.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01060-9] [PMID: 31256313]
Ybarra, M.L., Alexander, C., Mitchell, K.J. (2005). Depressive symptomatology, youth Internet use, and online interactions: A national survey. J. Adolesc. Health, 36(1), 9-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.10.012] [PMID: 15661591]
Yonker, L.M., Zan, S., Scirica, C.V., Jethwani, K., Kinane, T.B. (2015). “Friending” teens: Systematic review of social media in adolescent and young adult health care. J. Med. Internet Res., 17(1), e4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3692] [PMID: 25560751]
Zink, J., Belcher, B.R., Imm, K., Leventhal, A.M. (2020). The relationship between screen-based sedentary behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth: A systematic review of moderating variables. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 472.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08572-1] [PMID: 32272906]