Generic placeholder image

Current Chinese Science

Author(s): Kinjal J. Shah, Satyendra Tripathi, Touseef Hussain* and Zhaoyang You*

DOI: 10.2174/2210298102666211230103252

DownloadDownload PDF Flyer Cite As
Feedstock: A Solution to Energy and Environment Sustainability

Page: [109 - 117] Pages: 9

  • * (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Explore Articles
About Journal
For Authors
For Editors
For Reviewers

Abstract

Background: Scarcity of resources, energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change are the central challenges that people will have to face in the years to come. Nowadays, agricultural, food and industrial wastes are generated in large quantities, which poses a serious problem in their management and disposal.

Objective: Feedstocks play a vital role in solving energy and environmental problems. All renewable, biological substances that are used directly as fuel or converted into another form of energy or fuel products are referred to as feedstocks. Biomass is also a clean and renewable feedstock option; it can also be an excellent alternative to conventional fuels.

Methods: Renewable fuels are cleaner than traditional coal and petroleum, which reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Various methods could be used to achieve sustainable development methods that can not only lead to better waste management but also generate industrially important materials, chemicals, fuels and valuable end products from waste.

Results: This review provides an overview of the global scenario related to feedstock. In addition, this paper examines the role of feedstock in solving energy and environmental issues.

Conclusion: This paper sheds light on the issue of environmental impact in order to achieve overall sustainability. Finally, the merits of the feedstock technology prospects are addressed.

Keywords: Feedstocks, biomass, biofuel, environment, energy, renewable energy, SDG, sustainability.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
Progress cleaning the air and improving the people’s health. Available from: www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/progress-cleaning-air-and-improving-peoples-health
[2]
Vohra, M.; Manwar, J.; Manmode, R.; Padgilwar, S.; Patil, S. Bioethanol production: Feedstock and current technologies. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2014, 2, 573-584.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.10.013]
[3]
He, J.; Liu, J.; Hou, Y.; Wang, Y.; Yang, S.; Yang, H.G. Surface chelation of cesium halide perovskite by dithiocarbamate for efficient and stable solar cell. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(4237), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18015-5]
[4]
Darwish, A.S.; Al-Dabbagh, R. Wind energy state of the art: Present and future technology advancements. Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain., 2020, 5(7), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2020003]
[5]
Ge, B.; Zhou, Z.R.; Wu, X.F.; Zheng, L.R.; Dai, S.; Chen, A.P.; Hou, Y.; Yang, H.G.; Yang, S. Self-Organized Co3O4-SrCO3 percolative composites enabling nanosized hole transport pathways for perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 2106121, 1-9.
[6]
Pan, S.Y.; Gao, M.; Shah, K.J.; Zheng, J.; Pei, S.L.; Chiang, P.C. Establishment of enhanced geothermal energy utilization plans: Barriers and strategies. Renewable Energies, 2019, 132, 19-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.126]
[7]
Mehta, N.; Shah, K.J.; Lin, Y.I.; Sun, Y.; Pan, S.Y. Advances in circular bioeconomy technologies: From agricultural wastewater to value-added resources. Environments, 2021, 8(20), 1-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030020]
[8]
Sanchez, J. L. The future of feedstocks. Available from: chemistryworld.com/opinion/the-future-of-feedstocks/7153.article
[9]
Carlisle, B.C. Feedstocks used in biodiesel production that influence biodiesel price, Master Thesis Agriculture and Natural Resources Degree University of Tennessee, Martin, 2013.
[10]
Kindberg, L. An introduction to bioenergy: Feedstocks, processes and products. Available from: citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.687.6183&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[11]
Datta, A.; Hossain, A.; Roy, S. An overview on biofuels and their advantages and disadvantages. Asian J. Chem., 2019, 31(8), 1851-1858.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22098]
[12]
www.fao.org/3/i1968e/i1968e02.pdf
[13]
Overend, R.P; Davis, M Biomass feedstocks. Available from: nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy04/36831h.pdf
[14]
Hassan, M.K.; Natarajan, K.; Pelkonen, P.; Zyadin, A.; Pappinen, A. Perspectives of feedstock supply for biomass-based energy plant development in India: Views from an expert survey. Challenges., 2015, 6, 71-87.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe6010071]
[15]
Serna-Loaiza, S.; Miltner, A.; Miltner, M.; Friedl, A. A review on the feedstocks for the sustainable production of bioactive compounds in biorefineries. Sustainability, 2019, 11, 6765.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236765]
[16]
Arancon, R.A.D.; Lin, C.S.; Chan, K.M.; Kwan, T.H.; Luque, R. Advances on waste valorization: New horizons for a more sustainable society. Energy Sci. Eng., 2013, 1(2), 53-71.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ese3.9]
[17]
Kovarik, B. Henry Ford, Charles Kettering and the fuel of the future. Autom. Hist. Rev., 1998, 32, 7-27.
[18]
Carus, M.; Dammer, L. Food or non-food: Which agricultural feedstocks are best for industrial uses? Ind. Biotechnol., 2013, 9(4), 171-176.
[19]
Biofuels and agriculture-A technical overview. In: The state of food and agriculture; Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations: Rome, 2008.
[20]
Rossi, A. Good environmental practices in bioenergy feedstock production. Making Bioenergy Work for Climate and Food Security; FAO: Rome, 2012.
[21]
Feedstocks, B. Biofuels. Green Energy and Technology; Springer: London, 2009.
[22]
Kataki, R.; Chutia, R. Feedstock suitability for thermochemical processes. In: Recent Advances in Thermo-chemical conversion of biomass; Ashok, P.; Thallada, B.; Stöcker, M.; Rajeev, S., Eds.; Elsevier Science: London, 2015; pp. 31-74.
[23]
Virmond, E.; Rocha, J.D.; Moreira, R.F.P.M.; Jose, H.J. Valorization of agroindustrial solid residues and residues from biofuel production chains by thermochemical conversion: A review, citing Brazil as a case study. Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 2013, 30(02), 197-229.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322013000200001]
[24]
Parmar, A.; Nema, P.K.; Agarwal, T. Biochar production from agro-food industry residues: A sustainable approach for soil and environmental management. Curr. Sci., 2014, 107(10), 1673-1682.
[25]
Akshya, S. Assessing the suitability of various feedstocks for biomass gasification. 2011. Available from: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3758
[26]
Somerville, C.; Youngs, H.; Taylor, C.; Davis, S.C.; Long, S.P. Feedstocks for lignocellulosic biofuels. Science, 2010, 329(5993), 790-792.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1189268] [PMID: 20705851]
[27]
Sagar, A.D.; Kartha, S. Bioenergy and sustainable development? Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 2007, 32, 131-167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.32.062706.132042]
[28]
Schwaiger, H.; Pena, N.; Aline, M.; David, N.B. Technologies to produce liquid biofuels for transportation: An overview. CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia: Working Paper, 2011, 72
[29]
Hoefnagels, R; Germer, S Supply potential, suitability and status of lignocellulosic feedstocks for advanced biofuels. D2.1 Report on lignocellulosic feedstock availability, market status and suitability for Resfuels. Available from: advancefuel.eu/contents/reports/d21-report-on-lignocellulosic-feedstock-availability.pdf
[30]
Uihlein, A.; Schebek, L. Environmental impacts of a lignocellulose feedstock biorefinery system: An assessment. Biomass Bioenergy, 2009, 33, 793-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.12.001]
[31]
Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe. Available from: eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-emissions-of-greenhouse-gases/transport-emissions-of-greenhouse-gases-12
[32]
Fischer, G.; Hizsnyik, E.; Prieler, S.; van Velthuizen, H. Assessment of biomass potentials for biofuel feedstock production in Europe: Methodology and results; International Institute for Applied System Analysis: Laxenburg, Austria, 2007.
[33]
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Industrial Biotechnology and Climate Change: Opportunities and Challenges, 2011. Available from: oecd.org/sti/emerging-tech/49024032.pdf
[34]
Increasing feedstock production for biofuels. Available from: afdc.energy.gov/files/pdfs/increasing_feedstock_revised.pdf
[35]
Sani, Y.M.; Daud, W.M.A.W.; Aziz, A.R.A. Biodiesel feedstock and production technologies: Successes, challenges and prospects. In: Biodiesel- Feedstock Production and Applications; InTechOpen: London, 2012.
[36]
International Finance Corporation (IFC). World Bank Groups. In: Converting Biomass to Energy. A Guide for Developers and Investors; International Finance Corporation: Washington, DC, 2017.
[37]
Ahorsu, R.; Medina, F.; Constanti, M. Significance and challenges of biomass as a suitable feedstock for bioenergy and biochemical production: A review. Energies, 2018, 11(3366), 1-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123366]
[38]
India biofuels annual 2019. 2019. Available from: apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/report/downloadreportbyfilename?filename=Biofuels%20Annual_New%20Delhi_India_8-9-2019.pdf
[39]
McFarlane, J.; Robinson, S.M. Survey of alternative feedstocks for commodity chemical manufacturing, 2007. Available from: info.ornl.gov/sites/publications/files/Pub8760.pdf
[40]
Bioenergy, I.E.A. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Bioenergy for Sustainable Development; COP23 Bonn: IRENA Pavilion, 2017.
[41]
Przybysz, K.; Małachowska, E.; Martyniak, D.; Boruszewski, P.; Kalinowska, H.; Przybysz, P. Production of sugar feedstocks for fermentation processes from selected fast growing grasses. Energies, 2019, 12(3129), 1-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163129]
[42]
Woiciechowski, A.L.; Medeiros, A.B.P.; Rodrigues, C.; Vandenberghe, L.; Tanobe, V.; Dall’Agnol, A.; Gazzoni, D.L. Feedstocks for biofuels. In: Soccol, C.R.; Brar, S.K.; Gazzoni, D.L.; Gazzoni, D.L., Eds.; Green Fuels Technology. Green Energy and Technology. Cham: Switzerland: Springer.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30205-8_2]
[43]
IRENA. Sustainable rural bioenergy solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: A collection of good practices, international renewable energy agency; Abu Dhabi, 2018. Available from: irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/Dec/IRENA_Sustainable_rural_bioenergy_SSA_2018.pdf
[44]
Sharma, S.; Meena, R.; Sharma, A.; Goyal, P.K. Biomass conversion technologies for renewable energy and fuels: A review note. IOSR J. Mech. Civ. Eng., 2014, 11(2), 1-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11232835]
[45]
Bioenergy conversion technologies. Available from: fao.org/3/T1804E/t1804e06.htm
[46]
Biofuels basics. Available from: energy.gov/eere/bioenergy/biofuels-basics
[47]
Speight, J.G. Feedstocks. Gasification of unconventional feedstocks; Elsevier Science: New York, 2014.
[48]
Elbehri, A.; Segerstedt, A.; Liu, P. Biofuels and the sustainability challenge: A global assessment of sustainability issues, trends and policies for biofuels and related feedstocks; Trade and Markets Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
[49]
Hassan, A.B.; Ayodeji, O.V. Benefits and challenges of biodiesel production in West Africa. Nigerian J. Technol., 2019, 38(2), 621-627.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v38i3.12]
[50]
Nettles, J.; Birks, P.; Sucre, E.; Bilby, R. Sustainable production of bioenergy feedstock from the industrial forest: Potential and challenges of operational scale implementation. Curr. Sustainable/Renewable. Energy Rep., 2015, 2(4), 121-127.
[51]
National Research Council (US) Chemical Sciences Roundtable. Opportunities and obstacles in large-scale biomass utilization: The role of the chemical sciences and engineering communities: A Workshop Summary.National Academies Press: Washington (DC), 2012.
[52]
Viesturs, D.; Melece, L. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels: Observations in Latvia; Engineering for Rural Development, 2014, pp. 210-215.
[53]
Mishra, V.K.; Goswami, R. A review of production, properties and advantages of biodiesel. Biofuels, 2017, 1-17.
[54]
Bozell, J.J. The use of renewable feedstocks for the feedstocks for the production of chemicals and materials-A brief overview concepts. Available from: nrel.gov/docs/gen/fy04/36831f.pdf
[55]
The future of food and agriculture trends and challenges. Available from: fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdf