Abstract

Background: HIV drug resistance poses a major challenge for anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and the prevention and control of HIV epidemic.

Objective: The study aims to establish a novel in-house assay with high efficiency, named AP inhouse method, that would be suitable for HIV-1 drug resistance detection in China.

Methods: An in-house HIV-1 genotyping method was used to sequence the partial pol gene from 60 clinical plasma samples; the results of our test were compared with a commercial ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system.

Results: Among sixty samples, 58(96.7%) were successfully amplified by AP in-house method, five of them harbored viral load below 1,000 copies/ml. The genotype distribution was 43.1% CRF07_ BC (25/58), 39.7% CRF01_AE (23/58), 6.9% CRF55_01B (4/58), 5.2% subtype B (3/58) and 5.2% CRF08_BC (3/58). Compared with that of the ViroSeq system, the consistent rate of these nucleotides and amino acids obtained by AP in-house method was up to 99.5 ± 0.4% and 99.5 ± 0.4%, respectively. A total of 290 HIV-1 drug resistance mutations were identified by two methods, including 126 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 145 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and 19 protease inhibitors (PIs) resistance mutations. Out of them, 94.1% (273/290) were completely concordant between the AP in-house method and the ViroSeq system.

Conclusion: Overall, the evaluation of AP in-house method provided comparable results to those of the ViroSeq system on diversified HIV-1 subtypes in China.

Keywords: HIV-1, anti-retroviral treatment, genotype, drug resistance mutation, protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Graphical Abstract